The entry of phosphorus compounds into the cell. How bad is high phosphorus intake for bone health? Mineral deficiency - causes, symptoms, consequences

Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is found in every cell of the body to perform their normal functions. Most phosphorus in the body is found as phosphate (PO4). About 85% of the body's phosphorus is found in bones. How does phosphorus affect human health?

Phosphorus and its effects on the human body

Like calcium, phosphorus is the most abundant mineral in the body. These 2 Important Nutrients Work Closely Together for Health strong bones and teeth. About 85% of the body's phosphorus is found in bones and teeth, but it is also present in cells and tissues throughout the body.

Phosphorus helps filter waste in the kidneys and plays important role in how the body uses energy. It also helps reduce muscle pain after a hard workout. Phosphorus is essential for the growth, repair and “repair” of all tissues and cells, as well as for the production of genetic building blocks, DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is also needed to help balance and utilize other vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, iodine, magnesium and zinc.

The use of phosphorus for treatment

• Phosphates (phosphorus) are used clinically to treat the following diseases
• Hypophosphatemia, low level phosphorus in the body
• Hypercalcemia, high level calcium in blood
• Calcium at the heart of kidney stones

These ailments require mandatory examination doctor

Phosphates are used in enemas as well as laxatives. Most people get plenty of phosphorus in their diet. Athletes sometimes use phosphate supplements before competition or heavy training to help reduce muscle soreness and fatigue, although it is unclear how much this helps or improves performance.

Phosphorus in the diet

Most people get plenty of phosphorus in their diet. Mineral phosphorus supplements are found in milk, grains and protein-rich foods. Certain medical circumstances, such as diabetes, fasting, alcoholism, can cause phosphorus levels in the body to drop.

The same goes for conditions that prevent people from absorbing nutrients, these are diseases such as Crohn's disease and celiac disease. Some medications can cause low phosphorus levels, including some antacids and diuretics (water pills).

Phosphorus absorption

Phosphorus is absorbed more efficiently than calcium. Almost 70 percent of phosphorus is absorbed from the intestines, although this rate depends on calcium and vitamin D levels and the activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium. Most of the phosphorus is deposited in the bones, a little goes to the teeth, and the rest is found in cells and tissues. A lot of phosphorus is found in red blood cells. Phosphorus plasma contains about 3.5 mg. (3.5 mg phosphorus per 100 ml plasma), and total phosphorus in the blood is 30-40 mg.

In the body, the level of this mineral is regulated by the kidneys, which are also influenced by PTH. Phosphorus absorption can be reduced by antacids, iron, aluminum or magnesium, which can form insoluble phosphates that are excreted in the feces. Caffeine causes an increase in phosphorus excretion by the kidneys.

Protein-rich foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts and legumes are good source phosphorus. Other sources include whole grain, potatoes, dried fruits, garlic, and carbonated drinks.

Since phosphorus is a component of all cells, it is easy to find foods, especially animal sources, that can provide the body with phosphorus. Most protein foods are high in phosphorus. Meat, fish, chicken, turkey, milk, cheese and eggs contain significant amounts. Most red meat and poultry contain much more phosphorus than calcium, 10 to 20 times more, while fish usually contains about 2 or 3 times more phosphorus than calcium. Dairy products contain a more balanced calcium-phosphorus ratio.

Seeds and nuts also contain high levels of phosphorus (though they have much less calcium), as do whole grains, brewer's yeast, wheat germ and bran. Most fruits and vegetables contain some amount of phosphorus and can help balance the phosphorus to calcium ratio in a healthy diet.

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency include loss of appetite, restlessness, bone pain, brittle bones, stiff joints, fatigue, shortness of breath, irritability, numbness, weakness and weight changes. In children, this is decreased growth and destruction of bones and teeth.

Too much phosphorus in the body is actually more of a concern than too little. Too much phosphorus is usually caused by kidney disease or people consuming too much dietary phosphorus and not enough dietary calcium.

Some studies show that more high consumption phosphorus is associated with increased risk cardiovascular diseases. As the amount of phosphorus increases, there is a greater need for calcium. A delicate balance between calcium and phosphorus is essential for proper bone density and the prevention of osteoporosis.

Available forms of phosphorus

Elemental phosphorus is a white or yellow waxy substance that burns when exposed to air. Phosphorus is highly toxic and is used in medicine only as a homeopathic treatment. For this reason, you should only take phosphorus supplements under the guidance of qualified specialist. Instead of this, medical workers may use one or more of the following inorganic phosphates, which are not toxic at typical normal doses:

• Dibasic potassium phosphate
• Monopotassium phosphate
• Dibasic sodium phosphate
• Monosodium phosphate
• Tribasic sodium phosphate
• Phosphatidylcholine
• Phosphatidylserine

Pediatric doses of phosphorus

Phosphorus doses for adults

Phosphorus for seniors (51 years and older)

There is currently no evidence that phosphorus doses for older people are different from those for younger people (700 mg/day). Although some multivitamins/ mineral supplements contain more than 15% of the current daily intake of phosphorus, a varied diet can easily provide an adequate dose of phosphorus for most older adults.

Nutritional interactions of phosphorus with other elements

Fructose

A US study of 11 adult men found that a diet high in fructose (20% of total number calories) led to an increase in them Bladder, phosphorus loss and negative phosphorus balance (for example, daily phosphorus losses were higher than its daily dose). This effect was more pronounced when the men's diet contained low levels of magnesium.

A potential mechanism for this effect is the lack of feedback inhibition of fructose conversion in the liver. In other words, fructose-1-phosphate accumulates in cells, but this compound does not inhibit the enzyme that phosphorylates fructose, which consumes large amounts of phosphate. This phenomenon is known as phosphate trapping.

conclusions this study are important because fructose consumption in the United States has been growing faster since the introduction of high-fructose corn syrup in 1970, while magnesium consumption has declined over the past century.

Calcium and vitamin D

Phosphorus is easily absorbed into small intestine, and any excess phosphorus is excreted through the kidneys. The regulation of blood calcium and phosphorus levels are interrelated through the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D. A slight decrease in blood calcium levels (for example, in the case of insufficient calcium intake) is sensed by the parathyroid glands, which leads to increased secretion parathyroid hormone (PTH).

This hormone stimulates the conversion of vitamin D into its active form (calcitriol) in the kidneys.

An increase in calcitriol levels, in turn, leads to an increase in the absorption of microelements such as calcium and phosphorus in the intestine. Both substances are parathyroid hormone– PTH - and vitamin D - stimulate bone resorption, resulting in increased levels bone tissue(calcium and phosphate) in the blood. Although PTH results lead to stimulation and reduction of calcium excretion, this results in increased urinary excretion of phosphorus.

Increasing urinary phosphorus excretion is beneficial, causing blood calcium levels to decrease to normal levels, because high blood levels of phosphate inhibit the conversion of vitamin D to its active form in the kidneys.

How bad is high phosphorus intake for bone health?

Some researchers are concerned about the increase in phosphate in food, which can be attributed to phosphoric acid in soft drinks and phosphate additives in a number of foods. Because phosphorus is not as tightly regulated by the body as calcium, serum phosphate levels may rise slightly with high phosphorus intake, especially after meals.

High levels of phosphates in the blood reduce the formation of active form vitamin D (calcitriol) in the kidneys, decreases blood calcium levels and may lead to increased PTH release parathyroid glands. However, high phosphorus levels can also lead to decreased urinary calcium excretion. Elevated PTH levels can have adverse effects on bone mineral content, but this effect has only been observed in people on high-phosphorus, low-calcium diets.

In addition, similarly elevated levels PTHs have been reported in diets low in calcium but low in phosphorus. In a recent study of young women, researchers found no adverse effects rich in phosphorus diet (3,000 mg/day). It did not negatively affect bone, hormone levels, or biochemical markers of bone resorption, even when dietary calcium intake was maintained to nearly 2000 mg/day.

There is currently no convincing evidence that dietary doses of phosphorus can adversely affect bone mineral density. However, replacing phosphate-containing soft drinks and snacks made from milk and other calcium-rich foods do pose a serious risk to bone health.

Possible phosphorus interactions

If you are currently being treated with any of the following drugs, you should not use phosphorus drugs without consulting your doctor.

Alcohol

Alcohol can leach phosphorus from bones and causes low phosphorus levels in the body.

Antacids

Anticonvulsants

Some anticonvulsants(including phenobarbital and carbamazepine or Tegretol) may decrease phosphorus levels and increase levels alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme that helps remove phosphate from the body.

Bile acid

Bile acid drugs lower cholesterol levels. They can reduce oral absorption phosphates from food or supplements. Oral phosphate supplements should be taken at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after these medications. Bile acid includes:

1. Cholestyramine (Questran)
2. Colestipol (Colestid)
3. Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids, including prednisolone or methylprednisolone (Medrol), increase the level of phosphorus in the urine.

High doses of insulin may reduce phosphorus levels in people with diabetic ketoacidosis(a condition caused by severe insulin deficiency).

Potassium or potassium-sparing diuretics

Using phosphorus supplements with potassium or potassium-sparing diuretics may result in excessive high level potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia). Hyperkalemia can become a serious problem, resulting in life-threatening problems heart rate(arrhythmias). Potassium and potassium-sparing diuretics include:

• Spironolactone (Aldactone)
• Triamterene (Dyrenium)
• ACE inhibitors (medicine for blood pressure)

These are drugs called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) used to treat high blood pressure that can lower phosphorus levels. These include:

1. Benazepril (Lotensin)
2. Captopril (capoten)
3. Enalapril (Vasotec)
4. Fosinopril (monopril)
5. Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil)
6. Quinapril (Accupril)
7. Ramipril (Altace)

Other medicines

Other medications can also reduce phosphorus levels. These include cyclosporine (used to suppress immune system), cardiac glycosides (digoxin or Lanoxin), heparins (blood thinners), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen or Advil).

Salt substitutes that also contain high levels of potassium and phosphorus may cause low levels when used in the long term.

Precautionary measures

Due to possible side effects and prescription and over-the-counter drug interactions, you should take phosphorus supplements only under the supervision of a knowledgeable physician.

Too much phosphate can be toxic to the body. This can lead to diarrhea and calcification of organs and soft tissues, and can affect the body's ability to use iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Athletes and other people with intense physical activity can take phosphate supplements, but should do so only occasionally and under the guidance and direction of a physician.

Nutritionists recommend a balance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet. The typical Western diet, however, contains approximately 2 to 4 times more phosphorus than calcium. Meat and poultry contain 10 to 20 times more phosphorus, calcium, and carbonated drinks such as cola, which contain 500 mg of phosphorus per serving. When there is more phosphorus than calcium in the body, the body will use the calcium that is stored in the bones.

This can cause osteoporosis (brittle bones) and can lead to gum and dental disease. Balancing dietary calcium and phosphorus may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Biochemistry is a branch of biology that studies the chemical composition of both individual cells and the entire organism as a whole. It is known that almost 98% of cellular contents include atoms of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen. These chemical elements are called organogenic. 1.8% comes from potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, phosphorus. In the human body they are part of mineral salts and have the form of simple or complex ions, providing normal course metabolic reactions. For example, the most important cell compounds responsible for the transmission of hereditary characteristics - nucleic acids - contain anions of acid residues ortho phosphoric acid.

The ATP molecules on which it depends also include phosphorus-containing ions. In this article we will give examples confirming the important role of phosphorus in the human body and its effect on metabolism.

Covalent polar bonds and their meaning

At the heart of the structure organic matter components of living matter lies in the ability of their molecules to form a certain type of chemical bond. It is called covalent polar and, arising between non-metal atoms, determines the basic chemical characteristics connections. Biochemistry, by studying the composition of the molecules of substances entering the cells of plants, fungi, and animals, has established their chemical composition. It turned out that, in addition to nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, they also contain phosphorus. It is not found in the human body in a free state, as it is a highly toxic substance. Therefore, in living systems the element has the form of meta-, ortho-, or pyrophosphoric acid anions, which have the ability to form bonds with metal cations. In what cell substances can they occur?

Phosphorus in complex organic molecules

Proteins, hormones, vitamins and lipids form complex compounds with phosphorus-containing complex ions. The human body contains complex compounds - phospholipids and phosphoproteins, which are part of biological molecules active substances- enzymes and steroids. Covalent polar bonds in DNA and RNA nucleotides they ensure the formation of phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acid chains. Why is phosphorus needed in the human body and what are its functions in metabolism? Let's look at this question first cellular level organizations.

The place of phosphorus in the elemental composition of the cell

In terms of content in the cytoplasm and organelles (0.2-1%), the nonmetal is in fourth place after organogenic elements. Cells are most saturated with phosphorus compounds musculoskeletal system- osteocytes, the substance of dental tissue - dentin. Their content is high in neurons and neuroglia, which make up the nervous system. Phosphorus atoms are contained in membrane proteins, nucleic acids and energy-intensive substances - adenosine triphosphoric acid ATP and in the reduced form of nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate - NADP×H 2. As we can see, in the human body phosphorus is contained in all vital structures: cells, tissues, physiological systems.

It is known that the level of homeostasis of a cell, which is an open biological system, depends on the concentration of various ions in the hyaloplasm and intercellular fluid. What is the function of phosphorus in maintaining constancy internal environment human body?

Buffer system

Due to the property of semi-permeability through the outer membrane, the cell constantly receives various substances, high concentration which may have a negative impact on her life. To neutralize excess toxic ions, the cytoplasm, along with cations of sodium, potassium, calcium, contains acid residues carbonate, sulfite and phosphoric acids. They are able to react with excess ions that enter the cell and control the constancy of intracellular contents. The buffer system, in addition to weak acid ions, necessarily includes the anions HPO 4 2- and H 2 PO 4 - containing phosphorus. In the human body it contains buffer system ensures physiologically normal metabolic reactions at the cellular level.

Oxidative phosphorylation

The breakdown of organic compounds in a cell is called aerobic respiration. Its location is mitochondria. Enzyme complexes are located on the internal folds - the cristae of the organelles. For example, the ATPase system contains electron transport molecules. Thanks to reactions catalyzed by enzymes, ATP is synthesized from ADP and free phosphoric acid molecules - a universal energetic substance cells, spent on their reproduction, growth, movement. Its formation can be represented in the form of a simplified reaction scheme: ADP + P = ATP. Then adenosine triphosphoric acid molecules accumulate in the cytoplasm. They serve as a source of energy to perform mechanical work, for example, in muscular system and in plastic exchange reactions. Consequently, phosphorus in the human body plays a leading role in energy metabolism processes.

Phosphodiester bonds of heredity molecules

High content atomic phosphorus is registered in the cell nucleus, since the element is part of nucleic acids. Discovered back in the 19th century by the Swiss scientist F. Miescher, they are biopolymers and consist of monomers - nucleotides. Phosphorus is present both in the purine and pyrimidine bases themselves, and in the bonds that form the RNA chains and the superhelix of nucleic acids, which are capable of forming polymer structures due to the appearance covalent bonds between pentose and phosphoric acid residues of adjacent nucleotides. They are called phosphodiester. Destruction of DNA and RNA molecules that occurs in human cells under the influence of hard gamma radiation or due to poisoning toxic substances, occurs due to the rupture of phosphodiester bonds. It leads cells to death.

Biological membranes

The structures that limit the internal contents of the cell also contain phosphorus. In the human body, up to 40% of dry body mass comes from compounds containing phospholipids and phosphoproteins. They are the main components of the membrane layer, which also contains substances such as proteins and carbohydrates. A high phosphorus content is characteristic of the membranes of neurocytes and their processes - dendrites and axons. Phospholipids give membranes plasticity and, due to the presence of cholesterol molecules, also strength. They also play a role secondary intermediaries- signaling molecules that are activators of effector proteins involved in the conduction of nerve impulses.

Parathyroid glands and their role in phosphorus metabolism

Pea-like, lying on both lobes thyroid gland and weighing 0.5-0.8 g each, secrete parathyroid hormone. It regulates the exchange of elements such as calcium and phosphorus in the human body. Their functions are to influence osteocytes and osteoblasts - cells skeletal system, which, under the influence of the hormone, begin to release phosphoric acid salts into extracellular fluid. With hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands, human bones lose strength, soften and collapse, and the phosphorus content in them drops sharply. At this time, the risk of fractures of the spine, pelvis and hip increases, life-threatening sick. At the same time, the amount of calcium increases. This leads to hypercalcemia with symptoms of damage peripheral nerves and a decrease in skeletal muscle tone. Parathyroid hormone also acts on the kidneys, reducing the reabsorption of phosphorus salts from primary urine. An increase in phosphate content in kidney tissue causes hyperphosphaturia and stone formation.

Mineral composition of bone tissue

Hardness, strength and elasticity support system depends on chemical composition bone tissue cells. Osteocytes contain both organic compounds, for example the protein ossein, and inorganic substances, containing phosphate salts of calcium and magnesium. As a person ages, the amount mineral components, such as hydroxyapatites, increases in osteocytes and osteoblasts. Abnormal mineralization of bone tissue, accumulation of calcium salts and excess phosphorus in the human body lead to a loss of elasticity and strength of all parts of the skeleton, so older people are more likely to be at risk of injuries and fractures.

Conversion of phosphorus compounds in the human body

The largest digestive gland in the human body, the liver, plays a leading role in metabolic reactions, and vitamin D also affects these processes. Daily requirement element for adults is 1.0-2.0 grams, for children and adolescents - up to 2.5 g. Phosphorus in the form of easily digestible salts, as well as in complexes with proteins and carbohydrates, enters the human body with food.

Sunflower, pumpkin, and hemp seeds are saturated with it. There is a lot of phosphorus in animal products chicken liver, beef, durum varieties cheese, fish. Excess phosphorus in the body can occur due to impaired reabsorption function of the kidneys, improper use of vitamins, and lack of calcium in foods. Negative influence phosphorus on the human body manifests itself primarily in damage of cardio-vascular system, kidneys and bone apparatus and may indicate serious violations metabolism.

Phosphorus is one of the most important microelements that the human body needs. When there is enough of it, a person does not feel any discomfort at all and does not experience problems, however, with a lack of phosphorus, problems with teeth and bones, as well as more serious diseases, can occur.

Why is phosphorus needed?

One of the main components that is part of human teeth and bones is phosphorus. Therefore, when there is a deficiency of phosphorus, this is primarily signaled by decaying teeth and brittle bones.

Phosphoric acid is involved in cell division, producing enzymes, and also regulates normal metabolism, is directly involved in the formation nerve cells, bone tissue and brain function.

The body needs phosphorus to convert incoming food into energy. It is involved in the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, and also helps in the absorption of glucose. Phosphorus can relieve pain, improve and activate acid-base balance, helps the body grow and develop properly. In addition, phosphorus helps make teeth and bones stronger and healthier.

When and why does phosphorus deficiency occur in the body?

Deficiency of this microelement is extremely rare, but still possible. This problem arises if a person completely switches to using plant food and does not eat foods rich in protein. This can also occur in pregnant women and people with vitamin D deficiency. To avoid this problem, you need to eat foods that contain phosphorus and a lot of protein.

Phosphorus deficiency can occur due to metabolic disorders, too frequent use sweet carbonated drinks, thyroid and kidney diseases. In addition, alcoholism and drug addiction, as well as long-term chronic diseases, lead to a lack of phosphorus.

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency

- Loss of appetite.

– Deterioration of memory and mental activity.

– Physical fatigue and low performance.

- Exhaustion.

– Painful sensations in the muscles.

– Low immunity, frequent colds And viral diseases.

How to replenish phosphorus reserves in the body?

The simplest and the right way To replenish reserves of a valuable microelement, the diet will be adjusted. By eating phosphorus-rich foods every day, you can improve your condition.

Foods that contain the most of this trace element include beans, walnuts, fat cottage cheese, peas, chicken eggs, hazelnuts, Rye bread, rice. In addition, preference should be given beef liver, meat, fish, various cereals. If there is a lack of phosphorus, it is better to reduce the amount of plant foods in the diet, replacing most of it with the above-mentioned foods.

Despite the fact that phosphorus deficiency is rare, its consequences are quite dangerous for humans. To avoid problems, regularly eat a variety of foods rich in phosphorus.

Phosphorus is important trace element, without which it is impossible normal operation our body. If it is enough, then people do not feel any discomfort. With a lack of phosphorus appear unpleasant problems with health. In particular, bones and teeth suffer, and various diseases begin to develop.

What are the consequences of a lack of phosphorus in the body?

Phosphorus is present in bones and teeth. They are the first to suffer from a deficiency of this microelement. Bones become brittle, teeth crumble and gradually decay.

The substance helps our body obtain energy from the food it eats. It is necessary for the breakdown of BZHU and the absorption of glucose. People simply cannot grow and develop without this element.

Phosphoric acid is involved in cell separation. It is responsible for normalizing metabolism and participates in the creation nerve endings. If a person has a phosphorus deficiency, then all this stops working normally.

Of course, the list of its functions does not end there. Let's highlight the main ones:

1. Participation in metabolic processes. Without this element, normal metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins is simply impossible. In addition, significant problems with intracellular metabolism begin;
2. Acid and alkaline balance. Research shows that this chemical element present in blood, lymph and other liquid tissues;
3. Energy exchange. The microelement is found in various compounds. During their decay, energy is formed. It is used to contract muscles, metabolic processes etc.

Thus, a lack of phosphorus in the body is a serious problem that can lead to a lot of troubles and complications.

Causes of phosphorus deficiency

Research shows that phosphorus deficiency is a situation that people rarely encounter. But, of course, it is very real. Why does this happen? The main reason is an incorrect (unbalanced) diet. A person refuses meat and other products with high content protein, preferring fresh plant foods. Sometimes the level of phosphorus in the body decreases in pregnant women, as well as in people who abuse alcohol or drugs, have problems with metabolism.

Let's highlight the most common reasons:

1. Acute or chronic problems with the stomach and other organs digestive system;
2. Abuse of soda, all kinds of dyes and food additives;
3. Metabolism problems;
4. Long-term use medicines. Especially if they contain a lot of elements such as magnesium and aluminum (their excess does not allow phosphorus to be absorbed normally in the body);
5. Poisoning ( chemicals, alcoholic drinks);
6. Artificial feeding. To reduce phosphorus content in small child results in feeding low-quality, age-inappropriate infant formulas and various fermented milk products;
7. Long-term protein-free diet. If a person does not “nourish” the body sufficient quantity protein, then the lack of phosphorus will be felt more and more.

Thus, deficiency of this trace element, in most cases, is the result wrong image life (nutrition) or other serious health problems.

Signs of phosphorus deficiency in humans

How to understand that there is not enough phosphorus in the human body? Experts say this is not easy to do. Distinctive features This problem simply doesn't exist. Therefore people for a long time They don't even suspect its existence.

With minimal deficiency, a person feels unwell. Efficiency decreases, apathy appears, interest in everything that surrounds him is lost. At the same time, problems with appetite and sleep are observed.

If the situation is not corrected, i.e. the amount of phosphorus in the blood and body does not increase, then problems will affect the nervous system:

• Problems with memory and intelligence;
• Frequent changes mood;
• Irritability.

In the future, there will be more serious problems. In humans, phosphorus deficiency causes the following disorders:

1. Complete loss of appetite
2. Constant headaches, weakness throughout the body, drowsiness. These unpleasant symptoms are observed all the time. It doesn’t matter how much a person sleeps or rests, or how intensely he works.
3. Decrease physical activity. A person notices trembling in the muscles, they gradually weaken. This makes it increasingly difficult for him to cope with even simple everyday tasks;
4. Continuous feeling of fear, anxiety, irritability. This is due to problems in nervous system. It is difficult for a person to describe exactly what he feels. His mood and well-being can change dramatically without visible reasons;
5. Sensitivity problems skin. Hands/feet become numb or overly sensitive. The slightest touch, hot and cool objects can cause discomfort and pain;
6. Pathologies of bones and joints. Pain, injuries, “accidental” fractures - all this is associated with phosphorus and calcium (their lack in bone tissue).

The problem cannot be ignored or neglected. Known fact, it is always easier to get rid of diseases early stages. Therefore, at the first signs of phosphorus deficiency, the most important and priority task- consultation with the attending physician.

How to compensate for the lack of phosphorus in the body

To effectively replenish this reserve valuable substance in the body, you need to adjust your daily diet. Try to eat foods that contain large amounts of phosphorus. Good choice will be: nuts (hazelnuts and walnuts), cottage cheese (with a high percentage of fat), peas, eggs, cereals and rye bread.

Dishes made from fish or meat are also suitable. If you are deficient in phosphorus, minimize the amount of plant foods in your daily menu. Just replace it with the foods described earlier. It is advisable to consult a nutritionist.

And in general, don’t forget to watch your diet. Make sure it is balanced and your body gets everything essential vitamins and microelements. From their lack or too large quantity other problems may arise.

Why does excess phosphorus occur?

If there is too much phosphorus in the body, then this is also a reason for

I serious concerns. Excess microelement can cause the following health problems:

1. Osteoporosis;
2. Pathology of the liver or intestines;
3. Urolithiasis disease;
4. Internal bleeding;
5. Leukopenia.

Sometimes doctors diagnose a patient with phosphorus poisoning. It's about about situations when there is too much of this microelement in the body. There are disturbances in the functioning of the digestive organs and heart muscle, numerous and small hemorrhages begin, in particular on retina. When it's possible? Let's look at the main options.

• With prolonged interaction with all kinds of phosphorus-containing substances (for example, due to professional activities).
• Due to the abuse of canned foods and “colored” sodas.
• Due to poor metabolism. In this case, the patient needs comprehensive examination and a course of treatment to get rid of metabolic problems

How to achieve phosphorus balance in the body

To prevent problems with phosphorus deficiency/excess in adults and children, it is important to control their daily diet. Daily Need people in this microelement - 1200 milligrams. Practice shows that it is difficult to allow a shortage. To do this, you will have to become a vegetarian, eat only vegetables and fruits grown on lands poor in phosphates.

If the diet is balanced, then it is not difficult to obtain the optimal amount of microelement. It is included in most products that we are used to eating. Everyday life. There is meat, cabbage, fish and much more.

Additionally, you should take into account your age and make appropriate adjustments to your diet. For people over forty years old, dairy products and fish and a minimum of meat are recommended. Such a correction will make it easier for the kidneys, which will be able to properly remove excess phosphorus from the body.