A burn of the respiratory tract is equivalent to thermal and chemical burns of the lungs. Burns of the upper respiratory tract

Lung burns occur as a result of exposure to hot smoke, chemical agents and other substances. The problem will manifest itself depending on the degree and volume of the lesions. This is also taken into account when selecting treatment methods.

Burn injury to the lungs is possible due to inhalation of chemicals:

• Acid. Chlorine damage is most common.
• Alkali. Caustic soda, ammonia, caustic soda
• Alcohol.

Thermal burns occur if a person inhales hot smoke, steam, or high-temperature liquids.

Similar injuries accompanied by development inflammatory process, damage to the mucous membrane, epithelium, circulatory disorders.

Classification of burns by degree

A respiratory burn develops in several stages. The first degree is characterized by a burn of the mucous membrane oral cavity, epiglottis and larynx. This may occur as a result of ingestion of boiling liquid or exposure to burning fumes. If the lung is affected, the mucous membrane swells and pain occurs when swallowing. More severe cases are characterized by the appearance of blisters and white plaque. There is a swallowing disorder.

The second stage appears burn injury respiratory organs. Such lesions are more severe. They affect the epiglottis, its cartilages and folds, pharynx, and trachea.

Third degree burns pose a serious danger to human health and life. In this case, the development of hyperemia is observed. The bronchi lose their ability to retain moisture, and mucus accumulates in the respiratory tract. In this case, respiratory failure develops, severe swelling, burn shock.

Symptoms of damage will appear depending on the severity of the burn.

Clinical manifestations

In people with burns respiratory tract the following symptoms are observed:

• burn injury to the face and neck;
• the appearance of burnt hair in the nose;
• formation of soot on the tongue and palate;
• the appearance of necrotic spots on the oral mucosa;
• swelling of the nasopharynx;
• the voice becomes hoarse;
• appear during swallowing painful sensations;
• troubled by breathing difficulties and dry cough.

For getting detailed information A bronchoscopic examination is prescribed to determine the extent of the lesions.

During the first twelve hours after injury, the airways swell and development occurs. Gradually, the burn leads to the formation of foci of inflammation in the respiratory tract, which requires urgent treatment.

Thermal lung damage

A lung burn can occur during a fire in a vehicle or residential area. Such lesions usually occur under the influence of hot air and appear along with skin injuries and are accompanied by severe respiratory failure and death of the patient. During the first few hours, determine clinical picture hard enough. Damage can be detected by several symptoms:

• disturbance of consciousness;
• dyspnea;
• skin cyanosis;
• traces of soot on the tongue and oral mucosa;
• damage to the pharyngeal wall.

Thermal burns are dangerous as they can cause respiratory failure or acute lesion lungs. Treatment in these cases is carried out in special burn centers or in intensive care units of a hospital.

Chemical damage to the respiratory system

Burns occur under the influence of chemicals. This may be the influence of alkalis, volatile oils, salts heavy metals, various acids. Cyanide and carbohydrate oxide are highly toxic. The combustion of petroleum products, rubber, silk and nylon items is accompanied by the release of ammonia and polyvinyl chloride. These are sources of chlorine, of hydrochloric acid, aldehyde.

These substances cause a chemical burn to the respiratory tract. How severe this damage is depends on the duration of exposure, the concentration and type of chemicals, and the temperature.

Aggressive agents, even at low concentrations, can cause lung burns.

Chemical damage is accompanied by a clear clinical picture. The patient suffers from severe pain, nausea, dizziness, difficulty breathing, and loss of consciousness. Treatment is carried out in a hospital.

As a result of the burn, lung function is impaired. This leads to a life-threatening condition - burn shock.

First aid for burns

In case of burns of the respiratory tract, it is important to provide timely assistance to the victim. To do this you need:

• protect the patient from influence harmful substances and provide a flow of fresh air;
• if the person has not lost consciousness, he needs to be given a semi-sitting position so that his head is raised;
• in an unconscious state, the patient should be placed on his side so that in case of vomiting he does not choke on the vomit;
• In case of acid burns, treatment is carried out using rinsing with a solution baking soda;
• alkaline damage is eliminated with water and acetic or citric acid;
• It is important to transport the patient to a medical facility as quickly as possible to continue treatment.

During transportation, it is necessary to monitor the state of breathing. If it is terminated, carry out artificial respiration. Only as a result of timely assistance, even with burns of the respiratory tract, can one count on a favorable prognosis.

Treatment methods

First of all, treatment for damage to the respiratory system is carried out as follows:

• an intravenous anesthetic is administered;
• wash your face with cool water;
• rinse your mouth with chilled boiled water;
• at acute pain the oral cavity is treated with a solution of novocaine or lidocaine;
• put on the patient oxygen mask and provide a flow of fresh air.

Depending on the type of injury, appropriate emergency care is provided. They also use general medicinal methods treatment. They allow:

• Get rid of swelling of the larynx and ensure normal air access.
• Eliminate painful sensations and eliminate shock.
• Ensure the outflow of mucous secretion from the bronchi and lungs, which is produced as a result of the burn.
• Prevent the development of an inflammatory process in the lungs.
• Avoid collapse of a certain part of the lung.

To alleviate the patient’s condition, be sure to use anti-inflammatory, decongestant and painkillers. In addition, for full recovery damaged organs, the patient must remain silent for two weeks and take inhalations.

Treatment of lung burns is carried out using antibacterial drugs.

A good prognosis can be expected with timely treatment of first-degree burns. The greater the volume of affected tissue, the worse the situation. Often such burns lead to the death of the patient.

A burn of the respiratory tract is damage to body tissues that occurs under the influence of high temperatures, alkalis, acids, salts of heavy metals, radiation, etc. Depending on the reasons that caused the burn injury, chemical, thermal and radiation burns. To alleviate the condition of the victim, it is necessary to be able to provide first aid, which helps prevent the development of complications.

An upper respiratory tract burn is dangerous due to complications

Clinical picture

Often the respiratory tract affects the tissues of the face, head, neck and even the chest. The symptoms are as follows:

• strong pain in the nasopharynx and sternum;
• increased pain when inhaling;
• labored breathing
• increased body temperature;
• swelling of the nasopharynx;
• necrotic spots on the mucous membranes;
• skin burns in the neck and face
• damaged skin around the lips;
• swelling of the mucous membranes;
• damage to the outer laryngeal ring, which causes laryngeal stenosis and suffocation.
• painful swallowing;
• nasality, hoarseness, hoarseness.

It allows you to fully assess the nature and scale of the lesions medical diagnostics, including lab tests, laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy.

In the first twelve hours, the patient experiences swelling of the respiratory tract and bronchospastic syndrome. The inflammatory process may involve lower sections respiratory tract and lungs.

The symptom of a burn is pain.

Burn therapy

Timely and correct first aid and long-term rehabilitation are a guarantee of a favorable prognosis. For a burn of the respiratory tract, emergency care consists of several stages:

• until the ambulance team arrives, the person is transferred to fresh air;
• the body should be in a reclining position. It is advisable to raise it a little top part housings. If the victim has lost consciousness, then lay him on his side so that he does not suffocate from the vomit;
• The mouth and nasopharynx should be rinsed with water room temperature. Procaine or another anesthetic with moderate activity can be added to the water;
• for burns with acids, sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is added to the water, and for alkali - citric or acetic acid;
• during transportation to medical institution and until the ambulance arrives, monitor the victim’s breathing. In the absence of rhythmic breathing movements it is impossible to do without artificial ventilation of the lungs.

Treatment for chemical and thermal burns respiratory tract is aimed at relieving swelling of the larynx and pain, ensuring normal access of oxygen to the body, preventing the development of bronchospastic syndrome, ensuring the outflow of fluid secreted by affected tissues from the bronchi and lungs, and preventing collapse of the lung lobe.

First aid for burns of the upper respiratory tract

The patient is prescribed analgesics, anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and antibiotic drugs. It is advisable not to strain the vocal cords for half a month and carry out regular inhalations.

Chemical burns from acids and chlorine

Acids, alkalis, and salts of heavy metals are destructive to the delicate mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. The danger is sulfuric acid(H2SO4) and hydrogen chloride (HCl). often accompanied by necrotic lesions, life-threatening the victim. Dead tissue under the influence of hydrochloric acid acquires a dark blue tint, and under the influence acetic acid – greenish color. The victim needs to rinse and clean the nasopharynx under running water. The rinsing continues for twenty minutes.

Toxic chlorine causes burns

Chlorine is no less toxic; when working with it, you should use a gas mask. Chlorine is an asphyxiating gas; if it enters the lungs, it causes burns of lung tissue and suffocation. The victim must be immediately removed from the room in which there are high concentrations of the toxic substance. In the first minutes, the mucous membrane swells and strong burning sensation and hyperemia. Painful condition accompanied by a cough, rapid and difficult breathing.

Before emergency medical services arrive, rinse your nasopharynx and mouth with a two percent baking soda solution.

With strong pain syndrome Injection of painkillers is allowed. Do not forget about your own protection: while providing emergency care You must wear rubber gloves and a cotton-gauze bandage.

Thermal burn of the respiratory tract

Thermal burns of the upper respiratory tract occur as a result of inhalation of hot air, steam or hot liquid entering the body. The victim is diagnosed with a state of shock and severe constriction of the bronchi caused by muscle contraction. In thermal burns it is affected lung tissue. Swelling and inflammation occur, the skin is damaged, and circulatory disorders are noted.

Thermal damage to the respiratory system often occurs with complications. To alleviate the condition of the victim, first aid for a burn of the upper respiratory tract is carried out as follows:

• transfer the patient from the heat exposure zone;
• rinse your mouth clean water room temperature;
• give the patient a sufficient amount of cool, still water to drink;
• To prevent hypoxia, put an oxygen mask on the patient.
• For minor burns, transport the victim yourself to the nearest hospital.

Degrees of VDP burns

Preventive actions

• Strengthen your immune system, beware of drafts, dress for the weather and avoid visiting crowded places during epidemics. Acute respiratory diseases dangerous for a weakened body;
• regularly visit an otolaryngologist and pulmonologist;
• stop smoking cigarettes and do not inhale steam and combustion products;
• wear a gauze bandage when using household chemicals;
• ventilate the premises;
• swipe on fresh air as much time as possible.

In this article:

Lung burns are classified as lesions internal organs, which, unlike superficial burn injuries, occur in a more severe form and can lead to quite serious, sometimes irreversible consequences. Such a burn can occur when inhaling hot air, combustion products or chemical fumes. Inhalation damage to the lungs does not occur in isolation, but is always combined with other burns of the respiratory tract: the mucous membrane of the nose, larynx and trachea. Similar injuries are diagnosed in 15-18% burn patients, admitted to the hospital.

An injured person who has suffered a burn to the lungs should be immediately taken to the hospital for first aid and medical care. surgical treatment. Often a burn of the respiratory system, combined with significant damage skin, leads to death. Despite the timely delivery medical care, many patients, whose body has not coped with the injuries caused, die in the first three days after receiving the injury. The resulting necrosis and pulmonary edema leads to cessation of respiratory function.

Difficult diagnosis of lung burns aggravates the situation. In some cases, inhalation lesions are completely asymptomatic while maintaining high laboratory values. Such damage can be suspected after collecting a complete medical history and clarifying all the circumstances of the injury. As an indirect diagnostic method Clinical examination data may be used. Localization of burns on the surface may indicate lung damage chest, neck and face, as well as traces of soot on the tongue and nasopharynx. The victim often begins to choke, there may be a change in voice, vomiting blood, coughing with sputum containing soot particles.

All these symptoms will not allow us to determine the extent and depth of the lesion. However, they are the ones who will help doctors make a preliminary diagnosis and provide the necessary medical care in a timely manner. Treatment of such burns begins at the scene with careful lavage of the airway and provision of oxygen. If edema, hypoxemia, obstruction occurs, as well as if it is impossible to clear the airways from mucus and increased intracranial pressure resulting from cerebral hypoxia, ventilation support and intubation are prescribed. Burn injury to the lungs increases the victim's fluid requirement by 50%. With inadequate infusion therapy, the severity burn injury may worsen, causing the development of various complications. Antibiotic treatment is used only in those in rare cases when observed obvious signs infections.

Thermal lesions

Thermal inhalation lesions of the lungs, as a rule, occur during a fire that occurs in confined space, for example, in transport, small living or working premises. Such injuries are often combined with severe skin burns, cause acute respiratory failure and can lead to the death of the victim. In the first few hours, the clinical picture is characterized by uncertainty.

Defeat can be assumed based on several signs and manifestations:

• Impaired consciousness;
• Dyspnea;
• Hoarseness of voice;
• Cough with black sputum;
• Cyanosis;
• Traces of soot on the mucous membrane of the throat and tongue;
• Burnt back wall throats.

Victims are hospitalized in a specialized burn center or intensive care unit the nearest general hospital. A thermal burn can lead to complications such as the development of respiratory failure or the occurrence of acute lung injury syndrome. IN in this case in addition to basic treatment, respiratory support such as artificial ventilation, nebulizer therapy and the innovative technique of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be required.

Chemical lesions

The main substances whose vapors can cause a chemical burn to the respiratory tract include: various acids, alkalis, volatile oils and heavy metal salts. Cyanides and carbon monoxide are the most toxic to human body. When oil products, rubber, nylon, silk and other materials are burned, ammonia and polyvinyl chloride are released, which are a source of chlorine, hydrochloric acid and aldehyde. All these toxic substances can cause burns to the respiratory tract and lungs.

The severity of the lesions can vary and depends on several factors:

• Duration of exposure;
• Degrees of concentration;
• Temperatures;
• The nature of chemicals.

The harmful effects of aggressive agents will be more pronounced when high concentration solutions. However, even weakly concentrated substances long-term exposure on humans can cause lung burns.

Unlike thermal damage, a chemical burn has a less pronounced clinical picture. TO characteristic features include severe pain immediately after injury, difficulty breathing, nausea, dizziness and loss of consciousness. Burn breaks normal functioning lungs and without timely treatment may lead to the development of the syndrome respiratory distress, acute burn toxemia and burn shock. The last of these conditions is life-threatening.

Chemical burns of the respiratory tract rarely lead to death in patients. However, if any characteristic symptoms, should be called ambulance. Doctors will remove it quickly painful sensations, restore breathing and blood circulation. All these actions will help prevent the development of burn shock.

In the first hours after injury, it is advisable to carry out inhalations. For these purposes, in case of an acid burn, a weak alkali solution is used, respectively, in case of an alkali burn, a weak acid solution is used. In addition to inhalation therapy, anti-inflammatory and hyposensitizing therapy are actively used. Because airway damage leads to injury vocal cords, all affected people are advised to remain silent for the first two weeks.

Thermal and chemical burns lungs can arise from inhalation of flame, smoke, hot air and vapors saturated with aggressive chemical elements. Such injuries are often life-threatening and often fatal. To identify all possible internal injuries and prompt treatment, victims are immediately taken to specialized medical institutions.

A burn of the respiratory tract is an injury to the mucous membranes that occurs when inhaling vapors of a damaging agent - smoke, boiling water, hot steam, fumes of toxic substances, water.

Any inhalation damage to tissues is dangerous to the health, and in some cases, to the life of the patient. A burn of the lungs and upper respiratory tract is a catastrophic condition - accompanied by dysfunction of organs.

1. Injuries of this kind are difficult to diagnose; they have no external skin manifestations.
2. The respiratory system occupies a vast area: the oral cavity, larynx, branched system of bronchi and the lungs as a whole. It is difficult to determine the area and depth of tissue damage.
3. Burns cause a specific reaction of the skin and mucous membranes. This is hyperemia, a rush of fluid to the tissues, and the formation of edema. In case of injuries to the respiratory tract, they are fraught with the development of obstruction, including respiratory arrest.
4. Chemical burns of the lungs are caused by vapors of aggressive substances - ammonia, chlorine, acids, bleach. For such damage on the body surface, the first aid is to remove the reagent from the skin with large volumes of water. This reduces the severity of damage. In case of inhalation injuries of the respiratory tract, the method cannot be used. It aggravates the patient's condition.

Causes and symptoms

According to medical statistics, this type injuries in ordinary life is rare. The number of burns to the respiratory system increases during armed conflicts and man-made disasters.

Household damage - from smoking a hookah or fire, inhaling hogweed vapors and others poisonous plants– occur in only 1 percent of cases.

Causes of burns:

• , overheated air in the sauna, smoke;
• , alkalis, gases;
• mixed impact – elevated temperature air is combined with fumes of toxic substances.

The first symptoms of respiratory tract damage appear immediately after exposure to the damaging agent. A burn in the upper part is accompanied by pain in the sternum. Damage to the skin on the face, lips, and oral cavity is visually determined. Cyanosis may develop.

Symptoms vary depending on the stage of the burn:

1. At the first stage, the tongue suffers. Cyanosis develops rarely, vocal functions are not affected. Minor wheezing is possible in the lungs. Signs of defeat of cardio-vascular system are missing. Is mild form thermal injury.
2. At the second stage - this is the 2nd or 3rd degree of burn with the formation of blisters - cyanosis develops due to the development of respiratory failure. There is a dry cough that turns into a wet one. Possible loss of vocal function or decreased voice timbre.

In the lungs, wheezing and crepitus are clearly audible. In almost all cases, inflammation of the lungs and bronchi develops. Body temperature rises to critical values. The patient develops hallucinations and delusions.

Forms of injury

There are 3 forms of inhalation injuries. They can be individual - under the influence of 1 factor - or combined.

Highlight:

• Exposure to carbon monoxide.

This substance does not corrode the tissues of the respiratory system and does not contribute to the development of hyperemia or swelling. But carbon monoxide is able to form bonds with hemoglobin, displacing oxygen. With minor exposure it causes oxygen deficiency, with prolonged exposure – death. Refers to severe pathologies.

• A burn of the upper respiratory tract - at stage 1 is considered a mild form of injury, since respiratory dysfunction does not occur. In the second degree, areas of necrosis, difficulty breathing, and impaired voice functions. Symptoms fully appear on the 2nd day. It is a severe form of pathology.
• Burns of the lower respiratory tract - systems small bronchi. At any stage it is considered a severe form, and diagnosis is difficult to identify the depth and volume of the affected small branches bronchial tree and alveoli is difficult. In almost all cases, pneumonia develops.

First aid for chemical burns of the respiratory tract

There are a number of rules that should be followed regardless of the location of the injury - at home, at work. First aid for inhalation chemical burns is as follows:

1. Remove the victim from the area of ​​influence of the aggressive substance into fresh air.
2. Lay on your side or sit down. If vomiting begins, do not allow the vomit to enter the respiratory tract.
3. Rinse the mouth with water and baking soda for acidic lesions, and citric acid for alkaline lesions. Treat with anesthetic solution.
4. Call an ambulance.
5. On the way, monitor your breathing rate. In difficult cases, resuscitation measures are indicated.

If a child has suffered an inhalation injury, then emergency services should be called and the victim taken to the clinic, regardless of the severity of the injury.

Treatment methods

Inhalation burns are treated by a pulmonologist or combustiologist in an intensive care unit.

Diagnosis is carried out as follows:

• examination of the patient and, if possible, interview;
• conversation with relatives or persons who brought the victim to the hospital;
• analysis of the situation based on the inspection results;
• General analysis and blood biochemistry;
• laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy - allow you to assess the severity and depth of changes in tissues.

Used in the treatment of inhalation injuries standard technique treatment regardless of the damaging agent. It consists of the following stages:

1. Reducing swelling of the larynx and airways.
2. Restoration of respiratory functions.
3. Removing phlegm from the bronchi, eliminating bronchospasm.
4. Prevention of painful shock and.
5. Prevention of pneumonia, pulmonary collapse.

On days 1–2, the patient’s transfer to artificial ventilation lungs. According to indications - oxygen for breathing. Vocal rest should be observed for 2 weeks after injury. This will allow the ligamentous apparatus to recover.

The doctor selects drug therapy based on the severity of the burn. IN standard scheme treatment indicated use the following groups drugs:

• painkillers;
• non-steroidal drugs;
• decongestants;
• vitamin complexes;
• if lung damage is suspected, antibiotics;
• diuretics to relieve swelling.

Surgical treatment is carried out already at the rehabilitation stage to eliminate external damage to the skin.

Consequences and prevention

Stage 1 injuries pass without consequences and have a favorable prognosis. At stage 2 of the lesion, complications with an unfavorable outcome may develop.

The most dangerous to the patient’s health are:

• chronic pneumonia;
• emphysema – destruction of small bronchioles;
• violation of the structure and structure of the vocal cords;
• heart and pulmonary failure;
• kidney damage;
• necrosis.

In order to prevent inhalation burns, it is recommended not to get into situations that provoke the development of such an injury. At home, avoid contact with superheated steam, smoke, and quit smoking.

In production, follow safety precautions when working with flammable and aggressive substances.

Anyone can get burned. The main thing is to take the victim to a specialist and follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

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One of the most heavy types chemical or thermal burns are pathological damage to soft tissues and other structures of the respiratory tract. What first aid can be provided to the victim? How severe are these burns? What to do if you have a minor burn? You will read about this and much more in our article.

Burns of the respiratory tract at home are usually associated with attempts to organize inhalation procedures based on various folk recipes using hot steam. Much more dangerous than the situation associated with fires, burning of toxic substances and other force majeure events - a person caught in the affected area risks severe damage to soft tissues and burns of the respiratory tract, including the lungs, from toxic fumes.

First aid for burns

Possible primary activities before the ambulance crew called to the scene arrives, they include:

• Removing the victim from the direct affected area. This procedure must be carried out in compliance with safety standards using individual funds protection, including for the person providing assistance;
• Ensuring a flow of fresh air. The victim must be placed in clean, fresh air, if possible, unbuttoning the constraining collar, removing the tie, jewelry around the neck, and so on;
• Giving appropriate poses and condition monitoring. The person is placed in a reclining position and the presence of consciousness is monitored. Consume food and any drinks other than clean water the victim is prohibited;
• Cooling and processing. These measures can only be carried out if the upper respiratory tract (URT), which includes the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx and oral cavity, is burned.

  If the pathological process affects the larynx, bronchi, lungs, trachea, there is no physical ability cooling them at home.

  The above-mentioned elements of the respiratory system related to the airborne respiratory system must be washed with a stream of cold liquid for 15-20 minutes in case of thermal type of damage. In case of a chemical burn, it is prohibited to use water if the pathological agent is sulfuric acid or quicklime, since there are risks of developing a rapid secondary thermal reaction. Acid damage is neutralized with a 2% bicarbonate solution. Alkaline burns are best treated with a 1% solution of acetic or citric acid;

• Resuscitation assistance. If there is no breathing, begin manual resuscitation immediately.

Severity of burn injury

IN general case burns can be thermal or chemical. The former are caused by hot air, open flame, steam, gas or smoke entering the corresponding structures.

In the second case, the pathological agent is various chemical substances , including acidic, alkaline, phosphoric and so on. Quite often a complex pathological process is observed, for example, in the case of a man-made accident, fire, and so on, when high temperatures combined with the action of chemical reagents.

Burns are distinguished by the area affected and the depth of penetration. They are combined into a general gradation according to severity:

• First degree. The burn often affects the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and upper layer epidermis. Symptoms include hyperemia of the mucous membranes, scattered wheezing in the lungs without a change in voice. In later stages, pneumonia appears;
• Second and third degree. Heavy and extreme serious condition. The burn affects the middle and deep layers of soft tissue, and large-scale swelling of the mucous membranes forms. The victim's voice is hoarse or practically absent. Difficulty breathing accompanied by wheezing, shortness of breath, acute emphysema, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, cyanosis of nearby skin, swelling of veins in the neck and head. Deterioration of the condition occurs in several stages, usually on the second and even third day of the lactation period;
• 4th degree. Accompanied by large-scale necrosis of structures, it almost always causes death due to the disappearance of breathing and disruption of lung function.

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Causes of the pathological process

A burn to the respiratory system is formed due to the following circumstances:

• Swallowing too hot liquids and food. The burn forms mainly in the larynx and pharynx;
• Being in a fire danger zone. Everything is affected respiratory system, including the trachea, which is usually unreceptive to such pathological processes due to involuntary contraction of the internal muscles and closure of the glottis;
• Inhalation of hot steam, air and smoke. The bronchi and lungs are most often affected;
• Inhalation of vapors is potentially hazardous substances. It can occur both at home and in industrial settings. Accompanied by additional pathological symptoms, including dizziness, cyanosis of the skin, sometimes neurological disorders, disruption gastrointestinal tract and other manifestations caused by the action of a specific chemical compound.

Symptoms of a burn in the respiratory tract

Symptoms pathological process depends on the location of the damage and its severity. General symptoms burns of the upper and lower respiratory tract:

• Heavy, intermittent breathing;
• Damage to the skin and external mucous membranes in the facial area;
• Voice change;
• Severe hacking dry cough;
• Attacks of suffocation, severe pain.

Such signs are characteristic of burns of both the upper and lower respiratory easy ways or medium degree gravity. At severe stage thermal or chemical burn of the respiratory tract, including the lungs The following symptoms are possible:

• Abundant serous discharge from the nose, saliva with soot;
• Vomiting with impurities of blood and necrotic particles of the epithelium and mucous membranes;
• Impaired consciousness, neurological manifestations associated with severe respiratory failure;
• Partial or complete loss of breathing.

Treatment of respiratory tract burns

Unlike burns of the skin, the corresponding damage to the respiratory tract is almost impossible to examine externally, as well as to identify the exact degree of severity and extent of development of the pathological process.

If a burn of any part and severity is suspected, the patient should be hospitalized in a hospital, where he will be treated comprehensive diagnostics, including laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy and fibrobronchoscopy.

For chemical and thermal burns of the upper and lower respiratory tract, the treatment regimen is identical, with the exception of the first prehospital stage, within the framework of which the possible primary neutralization of the main damaging factor is carried out (for chemical burns this can be acid, alkali, phosphorus, chlorine, salts of heavy metals, and other compounds).

Drug therapy

Use any medications within conservative therapy, auxiliary procedures, is carried out under the supervision of a combustiologist and other specialized specialists who treat a person in a hospital setting. In general, the scheme looks like this:

• Ensuring rest and bed rest. Throughout the entire period of treatment, the patient adheres to strict bed rest and silence;
• Antishock therapy. Prescribed for severe forms burns. It involves inhalation of humidified oxygen, anesthesia with morphine group agonists, infusion therapy using polyglucin, glucose and Ringer-Locke solutions, as well as ionotropic support with dopamine, dobutamine, heparin, fraxiparin;
• Cervical vagosympathetic blockade. It is performed through a burn wound or the outer part of the neck. Designed for systemic long-term anesthesia, allowing to reduce the need for regular use of narcotic painkillers;

• Organoprotection. To weaken the reactive stage of the pathological process, protect vascular walls in problematic localization, prescribed intravenous administration glucocorticosteroids, diuretics, ascorbic acid and a polarizing mixture. As a supplement, perftoran is used, which is a blood substitute with a pronounced gas transport function;
• Secondary treatment. After stabilization of hemodynamics, restoration of circulating blood volume and diuresis, partial removal of the inflammatory process of the mucous membranes, it is used wide range medicines, from antibiotics to reduce the risk of secondary bacterial infections before introduction into the body succinic acid, allowing to reduce toxic metabolic acidosis, stabilize mitochondrial function, induce protein synthesis;
• Other events. Auxiliary aerosol inhalation therapy, performing intubation, tracheotomy for asphyxia, oxygen therapy outside the framework of anti-shock measures, and so on.

Traditional methods

Before use, be sure to consult with your doctor. Famous recipes for burns:

• Egg. Take one fresh egg, separate the protein, add half a glass of water, then mix thoroughly and consume in small sips for 10 minutes, distributing the liquid throughout the mouth. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times a day for 7 days;

Recipes traditional medicine can only be used for minor burns of the upper respiratory tract associated with minor damage to the palate and throat.

• Fermented milk products. Drink more milk, eat sour cream, add kefir and whey to your diet;
• Honey. After graduation acute phase pathological process, consume regularly a small amount of natural bee honey. Slowly dissolve one tablespoon of the product over 10-15 minutes, repeating the procedure 2 times a day for a week.

Possible consequences

Burns provoke the development of serious pathological consequences already in the medium term. The most typical and well-known include:

• Damage to the vocal cords, up to total loss vote;
• Development of pulmonary emphysema;
• Development of pulmonary, cardiac or renal failure;
• Prolonged pneumonia and infectious local diseases;
• Fibrin-necrotic internal damage respiratory organs, leading to death.

Preventive measures

To the list of basic preventive measures include:

• Comprehensive rehabilitation measures after treatment, aimed at preventing the development of complications. Includes physiotherapy, exercise therapy, time in the fresh air, a gentle diet, and a healthy diet. sufficient quantity minerals and vitamins;
• Maintaining healthy image life without smoking and alcohol;
• Compliance with safety standards when in close proximity to potentially dangerous sources of hot air, chemical compounds and so on;
• Refusal alternative medicine involving the use of hot inhalations;
• Other actions as necessary.