Acute otitis media in adults treatment. How to treat otitis in adults: an integrated approach. Among the main signs of inflammation are

Purulent otitis - common infection. The acute form accounts for 25-30% of all ear diseases. The infection enters through a special pipe. With diseases of the nose and nasopharynx, pathological changes in this part, which allow microbes without special problems get into the middle ear.

Purulent otitis ICD-10: etiology

The disease according to the ICD-10 classification has codes from H66.0 to H 66.9. Two main factors leading to the development of the problem have been established: dysfunction auditory tube and the presence of an infection in the middle ear. Eustachian tube allows you to equalize the pressure in tympanic cavity.

Thanks to special cilia, mucus moves from the middle ear to the nasopharynx. If there is swelling of the mucous membrane, the tube may become clogged. TO additional reasons development of the disease includes:

• immunoglobulin deficiency,
• genetic predisposition.

Provoking factors and causes of the disease

Arise as a result increased activity streptococci, staphylococci, diphtheria and tuberculosis bacilli. For the development of an acute form of purulent otitis, certain conditions are necessary, for example, sensitization of the body to microbes. Most often appears in the background viral diseases, is their complication.

Predisposing factors include:

• hypovitaminosis,
• inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx,
• entry of microflora into the ear in an appropriate virulent amount.

Bacteria enter the outer ear from hands, headphones, or dirty liquids. The middle ear begins to become inflamed when infected mucus enters from other parts of the nasopharynx with a decrease in protective properties cells of the mucous membrane of the auditory tube, with, with perforation mastoid process.

Symptoms

The first call about the beginning of development purulent form Otitis is an increase in body temperature, the appearance of chills. Begins to appear, which is accompanied by:

• the latter initially have a light and watery character.

What happens in the ear during otitis media

Kinds

Separate purulent otitis media into two types:

Spicy

This form occurs due to bacteria entering the middle ear. Inflammation leads to swelling of the auditory tube.

The mucous membrane of the departments is thin, and the lower layer acts as periosteum. As the pathology develops, the mucous membrane thickens and erosions appear on the surface. Itself. At first it wears, but over time it becomes purulent.

At the peak of the development of the disease, the tympanic cavity is completely filled with pus, and the tympanic film itself becomes covered with a white coating. Under the resulting pressure, the latter bursts and begins, which lasts 6-7 days.

Symptoms and causes of acute purulent otitis media:

Chronic

Inflammation, which is characterized by a constant flow of pus from the ear cavity, persistent and progressive. This type usually develops in the absence of proper treatment for acute stage or is a consequence of a traumatic rupture of the eardrum.

According to statistics, 0.8-1% of the population suffers from this form. In 50% of cases, the disease develops in childhood, starting as. Because the disease is serious, it is one of the serious ones not only for health, but also for life. Most often, the chronic form of otitis is bilateral and very rarely right-sided or left-sided.

The transition from acute to chronic is associated with several factors:

• low immune resistance,
• wrong selection
• pathologies of the upper respiratory tract,
• the presence of concomitant diseases.

Stages

The purulent form of otitis is characterized by the following stages:

• preperforative,
• perforated,
• reparative.

The disease does not always go through all three stages. At correct scheme Even at the first stage of treatment, the disease can become abortive.

At the initial (pre-perforative) stage, patients complain of pain, which gives off temporal region. As it grows, it becomes unbearable. Pain occurs due to inflammatory infiltration of the mucous membranes. Sometimes pain appears when palpating and examining the mastoid process. This is due to inflammation of its mucous membrane. and congestion. Signs of intoxication of the body appear, body temperature reaches 38-39 degrees.

The perforated stage is characterized by perforation of the eardrum and the appearance of suppuration. At the same time, the pain quickly subsides and your well-being improves. The discharge is very copious at first, sometimes. Then they begin to gradually decrease, but on average it lasts 5-7 days. If the disease is acute, then the perforation is small and round.

Reparative stage. It is characterized by the cessation of suppuration. In most cases, spontaneous scarring of the perforation occurs and hearing is restored. Minor damage to the eardrum recovers fairly quickly.

Diagnostics

For the medical history, an analysis of the medical history is collected. An ENT makes a preliminary diagnosis when a throbbing pain appears, which intensifies during chewing, and when a feeling of pressure appears. An increase in body temperature and the appearance of discharge from the ear are also symptoms of a purulent form.

Analyzes

Then the patient is sent to take a test general analysis blood. It will show the presence of inflammation bacterial nature in organism. Leukocytes are usually noted increased ESR and shift leukocyte formula to the left.

Exudate is also taken for examination directly from the site of inflammation. It is being studied to identify bacteria and hypersensitivity to antibiotics.

Survey

The doctor conducts:

1. Otoscopy. Examination of the external auditory canal using an ear specula or otoscope.
2. Caperton examination. It reveals whether it is associated with inflammation or.
3. Radiography, . They allow you to accurately determine the presence of inflammation in the cavities of the middle ear and mastoid process.
4. . It is carried out sometimes. The eardrum is punctured to determine the contents.

Treatment

Since diagnosis does not cause difficulties, the patient can be prescribed a complex of therapeutic effects.

Medication

For elimination bacterial infection are appointed various drops, antibiotics, medications aimed at eliminating associated symptoms.

Drops

Most drops for a ruptured eardrum and purulent otitis media are prohibited. Because they can only worsen the course of the disease. Despite good feedback Cannot be used in children with perforated eardrum. The exceptions are. They are indicated in the treatment of purulent discharge. This is an antimicrobial drug.

Another drop that has not only , but also action is Anauran. This medicine is indicated for acute and chronic forms.

It is necessary to treat the ear canal with a solution of hydrogen peroxide or other antiseptic.

Antibiotics

In addition to the impact with the help prescribed. Popular remedy– amoxicillin, which has antimicrobial and antiseptic effect. Aminoglycoside is also a topical drug injection use, but is allowed for use for no more than 14 days. Medicines can be prescribed in the form of tablets or capsules, with severe course injections are used.

Other drugs

When the temperature rises above 39 degrees, antipyretics are prescribed. They can be based on or ibuprofen. If purulent otitis is a consequence of acute respiratory viral infection, then for more Get well soon the doctor prescribes antiviral and immunostimulating drugs.

First of all, you should determine what purulent otitis media is. This disease is associated with an inflammatory process that has infectious nature. It involves almost all parts of the middle ear: the mastoid process, as well as the auditory tube with the tympanic cavity.

It is customary to distinguish three types of disease in accordance with the localization of inflammation.

1. Internal otitis usually develops due to the neglect of purulent otitis media.
2. The accumulation of moisture in the ear canal often provokes the development of external purulent otitis.
3. Otitis media becomes a common complication when observed various diseases upper respiratory tract.

Experts note that otitis externa usually appears in people who are professional swimmers and are often in the water. Usually the inflammatory process affects only the external auditory canal. It manifests itself on the skin: there are observed various rashes, irritation, small pustules.

Strong painful sensations are characteristic of otitis media, which is why it is customary to mean the disease of the middle ear by the definition of “otitis media”. It occurs in different ways, with different consequences and symptoms. If otitis media is not treated, it gradually becomes chronic and causes severe complications. Sometimes adhesions begin to form, partial deafness occurs, and the ears become blocked. The most dangerous in this case total loss hearing, and if pus breaks inside it even becomes a threat to human life.

Features of purulent otitis media

Experts provide statistical data. According to them, the percentage of otitis media among all kinds of ear ailments is quite large: it is 25-30%. Most often, this disease affects children under five years of age, as well as the elderly. In third place were teenagers aged 12-14 years. Scientists have not identified a specific pathogen. However, it is mainly provoked by pneumococci, which are special type streptococci, as well as Staphylococcus aureus, influenza, complexes of pathogenic microorganisms.

Causes of purulent otitis media

Let's consider possible reasons diseases in a little more detail. Most often, the key provoking factors are:

• infections (flu, ARVI);
• upper respiratory tract diseases of any kind;
• presence of adenoids;
• rhinitis and sinusitis;
• inflammatory diseases affecting the nasopharynx;
• failure to comply with hygiene rules;
• decreased level of immunity;
• Through the auditory tube, infection penetrates directly into the tympanic cavity under appropriate conditions favorable for the development of the disease, for example, when the body is weakened, a person experiences emotional and physical overload.

It is very important to take preventive measures: minimize the risk of infection respiratory diseases, avoid hypothermia, maintain immunity. If symptoms of otitis media are identified, it is necessary to begin treatment in a timely manner. Otherwise, the disease develops quickly and may well provoke serious complications.

Causes of otitis media according to type

It is necessary to monitor your health and take measures to prevent the development of otitis media.

Video - Otitis media: symptoms and signs

Symptoms

Need to know everything key symptoms in order to be able to identify the disease early stage, begin treatment and prevent the development of complications.

1. The first sign of otitis media is pain in the ear canals and in the head. There are all kinds of pain: aching, pulling, shooting and throbbing. The intensity ranges from barely noticeable to unbearable, where it is difficult to hold back moans and painkillers are of little help. Unfortunately, it is quite difficult to distinguish between the pain characteristic of external and otitis media. True, when otitis externa, unpleasant sensations arise when a person only touches the skin near the entrance to the internal auditory canal.
2. An increase in body temperature is an optional sign. But with purulent otitis media of the middle ear, the temperature usually rises, especially at the initial stage of development of the disease.
3. Characteristic alarm signal– hearing loss. A person begins to hear worse, has difficulty distinguishing sounds, and suffers from a feeling of congestion in the ears. In addition, it can be determined that the hearing level in different ears is different. However, the disease can also occur with stable hearing, without failures.
4. The ears become blocked, an unpleasant sensation arises in them due to congestion, when sounds reverberate sharply in the head. As a result, a person not only hears poorly, but also suffers from constant headaches.
5. Discharge from the ear is a very significant symptom of purulent otitis media. However, they may also be absent if purulent deposits begin to accumulate inside the ear canal. This also causes hearing loss, and ultimately can lead not only to education purulent plug, but also to the breakthrough of purulent masses inside, which already poses a serious threat to human life and health. When otitis externa occurs, the pus almost always comes out calmly. When a message appears between ear canal with the middle ear, pus begins to flow from the ear canal.
6. Head pain, regular migraines and dizziness are also characteristic of otitis media of all forms, especially at the stage of pus discharge. This is due to the inflammatory process, as well as the fact that there are accumulations of purulent masses in the ear canals.

It is advisable to have a good understanding of the symptoms. In any case, as soon as the first signs appear, you must immediately contact a specialist.

Consequences

Purulent otitis - serious illness, which is extremely important to pay appropriate attention to. When necessary treatment not organized in a timely manner, the consequences can be very serious. In addition, the disease progresses quickly.

Remember! If the disease is neglected, purulent otitis media can even lead to meningeal syndrome. This irritation of the membranes of the brain, which ultimately threatens not only the health, but also the life of the patient, can cause death.

Symptoms meningeal syndrome is this:

• the person begins to vomit;
• convulsions appear, arms and legs twitch, fingers tremble;
• motor activity decreases sharply;
• the patient suffers from severe weakness, it may be difficult to even hold a cup in his hands;
• consciousness becomes confused, delirium begins;
• severe pain and dizziness.

When such signs are observed, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Treatment

When we're talking about about therapy for purulent otitis media, it is necessary to take into account key moment: all features, principles and methods of treatment completely depend on the stage of the disease, the characteristics of its development and the condition of the patient. Besides, great importance have and accompanying symptoms, patient's ailments. Therapy should be selected as competently as possible in order to bring only benefit, give maximum effect and at the same time not harm or provoke side effects.

The following strategy for the treatment of purulent otitis is known, associated with suppressing symptoms and alleviating the patient’s condition. There are three main directions of such therapy.

Anesthesia

Suffering because discomfort, pain syndrome is really serious. The patient suffers from sleep disturbances, weakness, and ultimately all this negatively affects the condition of the body as a whole.

1. On initial stage inflammation is usually prescribed Paracetamol. It is taken 4 times during the day, one gram each. It is advisable to select doses carefully, taking into account body weight.
2. Special ones also help a lot ear drops. Experts recommend using Otipax. The composition of the drug included glycerin with ethyl alcohol, sodium thiosulfate with phenazone, as well as Lidocaine G hydrochloride. It is necessary to instill drops directly into the external auditory canal, approximately 4-5 drops. This is done 2-3 times during the day.
3. Doctors recommend making pain-relieving compresses. The best option – compress By Tsitovich. The solution is prepared from glycerol with boric acid, as well as ethyl alcohol. Boric solution should be three percent. All components are taken in equal parts and mixed. A gauze swab is impregnated with the composition and carefully inserted into the ear canal. It is advisable to leave the compress on for at least 3 hours. Optimal time The procedure takes 5 hours, once a day.

Of course, to improve your general condition, you need to remain at rest, not tense up or get nervous, avoid any stress, sleep more and maintain bed rest.

It is important! Remember that eliminating symptoms and relieving pain in itself only increases the patient’s quality of life and improves it general state. However, the root of the problem – inflammation in the ear – remains. It is also extremely important to eliminate it by curing the disease itself, and not just getting rid of the symptoms.

Relieving swelling

Swelling must be eliminated from the auditory tube and the mucous membrane of the auditory tube. When otitis media developed against the background allergic reactions, it is appropriate to prescribe medications antihistamine type. The group of drugs of this type includes Telfast And Claritin, Tavegil With Suprastin, and Diphenhydramine. When it is important to reduce swelling of the auditory tube, as well as stimulate the outflow of purulent masses from the middle ear, drops should be prescribed: Nazivin With Tizin, Sanorin With Galazolin.

Antibiotics in the treatment of purulent otitis media

Experts admit: when fighting purulent otitis greatest effect provide antibiotic drugs from a famous penicillin group. They have the optimal ratio of side effects and benefits for the body. Moreover, it is penicillin drugs perfectly suppress pathogenic environment. It is advisable to entrust the prescription of specific medications to a specialist, since only an experienced doctor will be able to correctly select the right option, taking into account all the nuances.

Let's look at the main drugs and their important features.

A drug	Image	Characteristics
Amoxicillin		This antibiotic has wide range action, effectively suppresses the pathogenic environment and kills harmful microbes pathogenic bacteria. The specific dose is prescribed by the doctor
Cefuroxime		The drug is known to be the strongest antibacterial effect. It is taken twice a day. The standard dosage is 0.25 g, but in some cases it may well be increased to 0.5 g
Avelox		Very effective drug antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory active action. It must be taken once a day, and the dosage is 400 mg. In this case, course therapy should not exceed five days. When there is no one hundred percent result, that is, purulent otitis media is not completely cured, further therapy is carried out using other medicines, since Avelox cannot be taken for more than five days

These antibiotic drugs are different increased efficiency, but they also have contraindications. So, women during lactation and throughout pregnancy should not drink them.

Very important! If an antibiotic is prescribed incorrectly or taken with an irrational dosage, in the future this drug will no longer provide therapeutic result. Due to this self-treatment antibiotics for purulent otitis without recourse to to a qualified doctor is strictly prohibited.

Ear drops for purulent otitis media

In the process of classification ear drops, which are used when therapeutic therapy purulent otitis, usually subdivided medicines into three groups.

1. Glucocorticosteroids are found in Sofradex And Dexona, Anauran.
2. NSAIDs are included in Otipaxa And Otinuma.
3. Potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents are contained in the drops Normax, Otofa, and Tsipromed.

All of these drugs can cause unwanted effects, they have contraindications. They must be used in accordance with the doctor's recommendations.

Self-medication is unacceptable! Complications can be so serious that they can even lead to fatal outcome. In addition, there is no need to use unconventional methods. Not only do they not give desired result, but can also cause complications.

Please note that with the right approach, treatment takes at least 8-10 days. Even with obvious improvement in the patient's condition, therapy is continued to prevent complications and relapse.

Hygiene, compresses

The resulting purulent masses must be removed from the ear. This is done several times throughout the day. It is advisable to use special cotton swabs, as well as disinfectants.

During cleaning, the auricle should be gently pulled back and up. At the same time, you need to very carefully, slowly insert a cotton swab directly into the ear canal, turning it a little with smooth movements. Repeat these steps until the desired result is achieved. The cotton wool should be perfectly dry and clean.

If purulent secretion has become thick, it cannot be removed so easily with an ordinary stick. First you have to pour a few drops into your ear peroxide hydrogen. Only later ear canal dried cotton swabs. When the purulent masses have already been completely eliminated, you need to drop them into the ear. Tsipromed. You can also use a solution for this purpose Dioxidine, preheating it to 37 degrees.

A special warming compress is also useful for purulent otitis media. It speeds up elimination inflammatory process, removes pain syndrome and promotes the removal of pus. You just need to apply a well-heated bundle to the auricle. salt. If during the procedure a person suddenly feels that the pain has intensified, the compress is immediately removed.

Surgery

Sometimes you have to resort to surgical treatment otitis This happens if drug therapy does not bring results, as do warming, compresses, and a course of antibiotics. In this case, you have to use operative method when a doctor solves a problem with a scalpel in his hands. Thus, bypass surgery of the tympanic cavity is widely used. Sometimes people suffer from severe pain, shooting in the ears, the temperature remains high, there is pain in the mastoid process when pressed, and the eardrum bulges, which is visible during otoscopy. With this development of the disease, you have to do paracentesis - cut the eardrum with a scalpel. It is important to note: when timely treatment such a need usually does not arise.

Related Posts

Most often, ENT doctors in their practice have to deal with acute otitis media. This disease occurs in both adults and children. More often acute otitis media happens one-sided. Bilateral otitis is possible in in rare cases.

Otitis- disease, characteristic feature which is an inflammatory process in any part of the ear. According to its localization, acute otitis media can be external, middle and internal.

Depending on the nature of the inflammatory process, otitis media is acute or chronic. Acute otitis is, as a rule, the result of exposure to various infections and colds, and less often – injuries. Chronic otitis often develops after untreated acute otitis, but in some cases it can develop independently: for example, against the background of injuries to the ear area, or due to the presence in the body chronic lesions infections (for example, adenoids in children).

Acute external otitis

This is an inflammatory process inside the external auditory canal. It can be limited (in the form of one or several boils) or diffuse (along the entire ear canal). Its cause is usually an infection that can be introduced into it through microtrauma (for example, with cotton swabs, matches) or with frequent contact with water (for example, with frequent bathing in a swimming pool). Noted sharp pain with passive movements of the ear and ear cartilage. Possible suppuration and swelling of the external auditory canal, along with hearing loss and a feeling of fullness in the ear.

Acute otitis media

This acute inflammation middle ear. This form of otitis is very common, especially in children. Its cause is most often also an infection: it occurs against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, adenoids. In more rare cases, the disease may have a traumatic origin.

Acute internal otitis (or labyrinthitis)

Represents an acute inflammation of structures inner ear, which is not only part auditory organ, but also an organ of balance. More often it is a complication of otitis media, tuberculosis, meningitis or other bacterial or viral infections; develops less frequently after trauma. This is serious, but enough rare disease, which has following symptoms: dizziness, tinnitus, balance disorders, nausea, vomiting, temporary or permanent hearing loss.

Clinical symptoms of acute otitis

This is a severe “shooting” pain in the ear, a rise in temperature, decreased hearing, noise in the ear, accompanied by a feeling of “stuffiness”. When the eardrum ruptures, which usually occurs on the 2nd or 3rd day of the disease, pus appears from the ear, and the symptoms begin to subside. If the eardrum does not rupture on its own, then a small puncture is necessary to allow the pus to pour out (the eardrum then heals safely).

Treatment of otitis media

As a rule, acute otitis requires contacting an ENT doctor. True, some cases of uncomplicated otitis may go away on their own, but the degree of severity cannot be predicted of this disease It is very difficult without an examination by a specialist. Self-medication is not recommended; this is only permissible in cases where for one reason or another it is difficult to contact a specialist. In this case, the patient should be provided with rest and dry heat on the area of ​​the sore ear (you can use a heating pad wrapped in a towel). Blue light therapy can also be used (“ Blue lamp"). From medical supplies you can use ear drops (sofradex, tobradex, otipax, etc.), painkillers (ibuprofen, paracetamol), antihistamines with sedative effect(tavegil, diphenhydramine, suprastin).

However, the basis of treatment in most cases is antibiotic therapy: amoxicillin, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and a number of other antibiotics can be used. In any case, it is highly desirable that the antibiotic for treatment is also prescribed by an otolaryngologist.

Physiotherapy is used successfully in the treatment of otitis media. This, along with the blue lamp light therapy mentioned above, can also include other procedures: ultraviolet irradiation, UHF, etc. However, physiotherapy is contraindicated in the midst of acute period if there is an active purulent process in the ear.

Sometimes it may be necessary surgical intervention(for example, puncture of the eardrum, which was also mentioned above). The choice of a specific type of treatment or procedure should be made by an ENT doctor.

As a rule, if the treatment was timely and adequate, acute otitis, regardless of its form, responds well to treatment, and any adverse consequences manages to be avoided. However, in advanced cases possible complications or transition of the disease to chronic form. With chronic otitis, approximately the same symptoms are observed as with acute forms of this disease: pain, noise and congestion in the ear, hearing loss, suppuration, in rare cases, loss of balance and coordination - however, these symptoms are less pronounced, sluggish in nature. At the same time, the disease proceeds much more persistently, periodically either subsiding or exacerbating.

From serious and dangerous complications both acute and chronic otitis The following can be noted: meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesses, persistent auditory or vestibular disorders, mastoiditis, etc. All these complications, as already mentioned, can occur only in the absence of timely treatment, or as a result of neglecting the advice of a doctor. Attentive attitude to your health, therefore, is important factor, allowing you to avoid complications and adverse consequences of otitis media.

– one of the most common ear diseases. Children under 7 years of age are often affected by the disease, but such cases are not uncommon among adults. The problem of ear diseases is always relevant and requires close attention.

To understand the essence of otitis media, let's look in more detail at the structure of our ear. The outer ear is Auricle and the passage, passing through them, the sound enters.

The middle ear begins here; this zone is a complex system consisting of the eardrum, cavity, auditory tube and a number of auditory bones. The main functions of this area are to enhance the received sound vibrations and ventilate the tympanic environment by connecting to the nasopharynx.

Next, the vibrations enter the “cochlea,” that is, the inner ear. This is a very sensitive organ that sends an impulse to our brain, where the sound is recognized, in a language that it understands. The slightest disturbance of the microflora of the ear or the action of others unfavorable factors, can easily disrupt the interaction of all nodes of this the most complex system and make us sick.

This disease can occur in different parts of it, and as a result it was divided into three types:

1. – inflammation of the visible ear canal. Conventionally, it is divided into diffuse and point. In the first case, a significant part of the ear cavity is affected; in the second case, a boil or pustular tumor occurs.
2. – occurs in the area of ​​the tympanic cavity. The course of the disease and its forms can be very different in individual cases. If treatment is not started in time and the disease progresses, more symptoms may develop. serious complications(meningitis, brain ulcers, mastoiditis, but often the middle form of inflammation flows into the internal one).
3. Internal otitis, or as it is also called, labyrinthitis, cannot occur as a separate disease. It appears only as a complication of the moderate form of otitis media or some other diseases (tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.). Its distinctive feature from other otitis is strong decline hearing loss and constant dizziness.

Symptoms and causes of otitis media

Treatment of any form of otitis must be carried out immediately. Even if you are undergoing treatment on your own, we strongly recommend visiting.

If a specialist cannot make a diagnosis, the disease can be identified by the following symptoms:

• incessant noise sensations in the ears
• constant congestion
• pain (of any nature, from arrows to severe aching)
• sudden fever
• decrease in hearing level by an average of 10-50%
• headache
• feeling "broken"
• insomnia or minor sleep disturbances
• pus flowing from the ear
• weak appetite

All of the above signs, especially if most of them appear, symbolize the development of an inflammatory process in the ear cavity. But you should understand that only a doctor can make a diagnosis with 100% accuracy. To complete the picture of your problem, think about whether you have the following factors predisposition or causes of otitis media in adults:

• The most common cause external shape the disease is a hit dirty water in the ears, which could contain pathogens. You will be surprised, but the second name of this disease- swimmer's ear.
• The presence of microtraumas, skin tears or small pimples may provoke the development of the disease.
• Complications of colds lead to ear inflammation, so adults should always complete treatment.
• Due to chronic diseases, that is, the constant presence of third-party infections in the body, immunity decreases. And its low level is not able to protect our entire body.
• Excessive "eradication" earwax. In the process of removing it, the main thing is not to overdo it. Since it is a protective line against all infectious bacteria trying to get into our ear.
• Prolonged stay of a person in conditions elevated temperatures and humidity have a bad effect on the ear apparatus.
• Use of ear devices (headphones, hearing aid, earplugs) of a sick person. Always maintain personal hygiene and do not take things from other people for your own use.
• Presence in the ear foreign bodies, for example, while riding a bicycle I got hit by a midge.
• Genetic predisposition.

In fact, there are many more reasons for the occurrence of such a disease as otitis in adults, and there will not be enough articles to list them all. The most common ones are presented above.

Treatment of external otitis

If you have been able to determine that it is otitis media that is bothering you, and what form it has, you can begin treatment. Below we will present methods for treating all types of otitis, both medicinal and traditional methods.

Based on its origin, otitis externa is classified into infectious (the action of pathogens) and non-infectious (allergy, irritation, etc.). Most often, when infectious infection, the causative agents are: fungus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

According to duration, otitis media is divided into chronic (from a month) and acute (1-2 weeks). For drug treatment, depending on the nature of the disease, use:

• dermatological ointments
• ear drops (Garazon, Otinum, Anauran, etc.)
• antibiotics are required (Ampicillin, Oxacillin, etc.);
• antipyretic, for fever
• anti-otomycosis drugs (Exoderil, Nictroungin, Lamisil, etc.), for fungal infections

Important! Taking any of the medications described above can only be done under the supervision of a doctor, otherwise you risk developing more serious problems due to your own ignorance and incorrect approach to the matter.

But you can try to make and take folk remedies for the treatment of external otitis yourself, most importantly without fanaticism. The most effective traditional medicines are:

• ear plugs impregnated with propolis, onion juice or warm vegetable oil placed in the ear daily and not removed for at least 8-10 hours
• crumple a geranium leaf (not too large) into a small circle and place (not deep!) in the ear for 5-7 hours, repeat daily
• drops made from chamomile infusion can be prepared as follows: take the dried plant into a teaspoon and throw it into a glass of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, then strain, cool, instill 2-4 drops the same number of times a day.

Important! Folk remedies can be used only for non-serious forms of the disease. Otherwise, go to the doctor immediately so that he can prescribe the correct one. medication course treatment.

Treatment of otitis media

Otitis media is a complex of inflammatory processes in the human middle ear. They received the following names:

• – damage to the auditory tube due to chronic diseases of the nasal cavities, sinuses or
• mastoiditis - damage to the mastoid process, occurs due to various kinds infections
• exudative otitis media of the middle ear - also appears due to a violation of the microflora of the ear due to infections; During the course of the disease, a lot of exudate (fluid resulting from inflammation) forms in the ear.
• acute purulent otitis media of the middle ear is one of the most dangerous ear diseases; it occurs when an infection occurs; can provoke and be the beginning of a very serious problems with ears

Drug treatment of otitis media in adults is performed with the following medications:

• antibiotics (Ampicillin, Penicillin, etc.)
• antiallergic drugs (Tavegil, Suprastin, etc.)
• drops, excitatory action (, Sanorin, etc.)
• hormonal drugs (Dexamethasone)
• ear drops (, Otinum, etc.)

Otitis media in adults is even more dangerous than external otitis. You cannot give yourself any “indulgences” in treatment. Only hospital and only medicines.

More information about otitis media can be found in the video:

Treatment of otitis media with folk remedies is carried out as an addition to the main course and includes the following remedies;

• walnut or plantain leaves: squeeze the juice from washed green leaves and mix it with boiled water V equal proportions, administer 2-4 drops 2 times a day
• garlic tampons: bake a few cloves of garlic with lard until a tolerable temperature and normal softness (the main thing is that they do not fall apart) and insert into the ear canal (not deep!) for a couple of hours
• infusion (96% ethyl alcohol) moisten the swab and insert it into the ear, change 1-2 times daily

Important! The above folk remedies are used only in addition to the main treatment and during the recovery process; they are not applicable as the main treatment.

Treatment of internal otitis

Internal otitis rarely arises, as they say, from “nothing,” that is, a banal infection. Basically, such a severe form of otitis is a complication from other diseases, namely:

• otitis media
• flu
• tuberculosis
• traumatic brain injuries, fractures
• syphilis
• mumps

Most pronounced symptom Otitis of the inner ear in adults is dizziness that can last from a few minutes to whole days.

Effective treatment of this disease is possible only under the supervision of specialists.

Often, the treatment program includes a number of the following medications:

• anti-inflammatory drugs (Naklofen, Dicloran, etc.);
• drugs aimed at reducing dizziness (Bonin, Dramamine, etc.);
• drugs to improve blood circulation in internal structure ear (Betagistin, Alfaserk, etc.);
• antibiotics (Oxacillin, Erythromycin, etc.).

In this case, treatment with folk remedies is out of the question. Under no circumstances should such otitis media be started, otherwise big risk cause irreparable harm to health, even death is possible.

Best defense is attack. Therefore, preventive measures, after you have cured the disease, are mandatory.

Experts assure that following some recommendations will minimize the risk of occurrence, namely the following:

1. avoid getting water into your ears, if this fails, try to dry them as best as possible
2. When cleaning your ears, removing all the wax is contraindicated, leave at least a little, it is your protector against infections
3. maintain personal hygiene
4. at the slightest discomfort in the ears, immediately consult an otolaryngologist, because even a minor infection can cause serious problems

To summarize, it is worth noting that with timely treatment, otitis media is not dangerous. You should not self-medicate, as you can fully understand the essence of the problem and understand that would be better suited for treatment, only a professional doctor can. Folk remedies can, and even should, be used, but only as an addition to the main course of treatment. Good health to you!

When an inflammatory process occurs in the ear, a disease such as otitis media develops. Depending on the location of the affected area, otitis media can be external, middle or internal. With otitis externa, inflammation begins in the external ear canal. Most often, otitis media develops, with infected fluid accumulating in the ear cavity. Internal otitis, otherwise called labyrinthitis, most often occurs as a result of improper treatment of otitis media.

Causes of otitis media

The following factors can provoke the occurrence of otitis media in adults:

• ingress of contaminated water. For this reason, otitis externa begins, also called “swimmer’s ear”;
• ear injuries that contribute to infection;
• heat and humid air;
• immunodeficiency;
• foreign objects in the ear;
• use of hearing aids;
• complication of ARVI, sinusitis, sore throat, influenza;
• hypothermia;
• kidney diseases, diabetes, eczema, psoriasis.

Otitis externa develops under the influence of bacteria such as staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as fungi of the genus Candida and Aspergillus. Otitis media in most cases is provoked by bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus and moraxella.

Main symptoms and types of otitis media

From a specialist Diagnosis of otitis media is usually not difficult. Its manifestations depend on the location of the inflammation.

For external otitis Symptoms such as hearing loss and pain are typical. Pain is often mild or moderate. In rare cases, a rise in temperature may occur.

Otitis media is determined for such signs as ear pain, hearing loss, high fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness, purulent discharge from the ears. The pain is pulsating or shooting in nature, becomes stronger when coughing, sneezing, and can radiate to the temple or teeth. There may not be any discharge of pus from the ears if eardrum no hole was formed. In this case, pus accumulates in the ear cavity until the doctor makes a special puncture in the eardrum.

Unlike external and otitis media, the main sign of the development of labyrinthitis is not pain, but dizziness. Dizziness worsens with fatigue, with head movements, in the dark. Also for internal otitis characterized by lightheadedness and hearing loss. The severity of symptoms may vary.

Medicines for the treatment of otitis media

If symptoms characteristic of otitis occur, you need to see a doctor without delay. Only an otolaryngologist will be able to conduct a special diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. Timely treatment allows you to get rid of the disease in short term and minimizes the risk of complications.

Otipax drops have an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect for otitis media. They are instilled 2-3 times a day, 4 drops in each ear. To reduce swelling and improve the discharge of pus, they are prescribed vasoconstrictor drops into the nose (“Nazivin”, “Tizin”, “Nafazolin”). If the cause of otitis is allergic runny nose, allergy medications are additionally prescribed (Suprastin, Tavegil, Claritin).

To get rid of infection in the middle ear antibiotics are required. Amoxicillin is recognized as the most effective of them. If taking this antibiotic does not lead to an improvement in the patient’s condition, it is replaced with Augmentin or Cefuroxime. In complicated cases, the antibiotic Avelox is additionally prescribed at a daily dosage of 400 mg.

Treatment of otitis media with antibiotics lasts at least 8 days. Premature completion of a course of antibiotics can provoke a relapse of the disease and the occurrence of complications. If antibiotic treatment does not work desired effect, surgical methods are used.

The most effective traditional methods of treating otitis media

Usage folk remedies in the treatment of otitis it is justified only in the initial stage of the disease. Before going to the doctor, you can relieve pain in the ear with the help of improvised means. The most famous folk recipes from otitis media:

1. The washed geranium leaf is rolled into a tube and placed in the ear canal.
2. Aloe leaves are placed in the refrigerator for a day, after which the juice is squeezed out. A gauze swab is impregnated with it, which is placed in the sore ear.
3. 2 tablespoons dried leaves mint is poured with half a glass of vodka and infused for a week. The resulting infusion is filtered and used for ear swabs.
4. Chewing cloves helps relieve tinnitus.
5. A quarter of a lemon with zest, consumed daily for 2 weeks, helps improve hearing.
6. Table salt is heated in a hot frying pan and transferred to a canvas bag, which is wrapped in a towel. Sore ear warms up with such a compress daily for half an hour.
7. Kalanchoe juice, 1-2 drops, is dropped into the ears 3-4 times a day.
8. The grated red beet pulp is boiled for 10-15 minutes over low heat with the addition of half a glass of water and a dessert spoon of honey. The finished mass is placed in gauze, then in polyethylene. The resulting compress is kept on the sore ear, wrapped with a scarf or warm handkerchief on top.

Traditional methods in the treatment of otitis media can successfully be used in parallel with medications prescribed by the attending physician. Warming compresses should be kept for no more than 2 hours and not go outside for several hours after them. If, after applying a compress, the ear pain intensifies, it must be removed immediately.

With timely treatment of otitis, the prognosis for the course of the disease is favorable, the risk of complications is small. It should be remembered that otitis media that is not treated in time can cause such serious consequences, such as hearing loss, meningitis and abscess. Therefore, the treatment of this disease must be approached responsibly, following all the instructions of the otolaryngologist.