Diseases of the circulatory system. Diseases of the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Classification of diseases of the circulatory system

It's good if the answer is no. But even if it’s positive, there are means by which you can get back on track.

Such a pain!

It seems that nerve damage can hardly be confused with something: you will definitely feel severe, almost unbearable pain along the way nerve trunk, especially when moving and stretching the sore arm or leg, as well as when putting pressure on the area of ​​the injured nerve.

For other nerve injuries varying degrees possible paralysis of an arm or leg, loss skin sensitivity individual parts bodies.

In the event of a nerve rupture, the victim develops the so-called causalgic syndrome, described N. I. Pirogov in his work on military field surgery. In this case, severe pain usually appears after a few days, less often - on the same day or immediately after the injury and intensifies, reaching a maximum 2-3 weeks after nerve damage. The sensations, according to patients, “are reminiscent of applying a piece of red-hot iron that corrodes the skin.” The pain spreads throughout the arm or leg, sometimes radiating very strongly to the palm and fingers, to the area of ​​the sole. Often the pain becomes unbearably cutting, stabbing, acquires a burning sensation and intensifies with any movement, sometimes an unpleasant feeling of dryness is added to it. Patients experience suffering from the slight touch of a dry object to any part of the body, for example, touching with a dry hand, a piece of paper, and constantly wrapping the affected limb wet towel or keep your hand in a vessel with cold water, and sometimes even wrap themselves in a wet sheet. It comes to the point that patients begin to suffer from any touch to the skin, from light, sound, noise, loud voices, shuffling feet...

Migrating pain with neuritis is usually associated not only with injury, but also with infection. They are sharp, suddenly appearing, intensify with pressure, and radiate to other parts of the body along the nerve trunk.

Difficult stages

You shouldn’t even try to cope with such serious damage on your own; call an ambulance. The doctor will apply an immobilizing bandage to the injured limb so that the damaged nerve experiences the least amount of tension. And in the hospital, where the patient must be immediately taken, they will decide whether he needs surgical intervention or conservative treatment will be more effective.

After the operation, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, massage, reflexology, active motor mode. All these measures activate blood and lymph circulation, promote restoration of damaged tissue and accelerate wound healing in the affected area.

Therapeutic gymnastics also strengthens muscles and ligaments affected by paralysis, prevents and eliminates muscle tightness.

Important nuances

At the very beginning of the classes, passive movements are performed, during which, with the help of the patient’s healthy limb or using a gymnastic apparatus (for emphasis), exercises are performed that activate the paralyzed muscles.

Then gradually introduce active movements. In this case, it is very important to perform the exercises symmetrically, on both sides, since in this case the healthy limb has a beneficial effect on the patient, giving her the correct pattern of movements.

To restore the function of an entire arm or leg, it is necessary to train all muscles, focusing Special attention on strengthening and developing the affected muscles, but also involving others in the work.

In recovery from injury, a special role is played by giving the affected arm or leg an optimal position, which is carried out by applying orthopedic splints or plaster splints.

They also perform exercises in water, in a specially equipped pool or in baths with the possibility of immersing the forearms and hands, feet and lower legs in them. IN aquatic environment, softening the pressure of gravity, they begin active movements with increasing amplitude, and carry out passive exercises with the help of medical personnel.

The patient will have to overcome atypical movements that sometimes spontaneously arise in the arm or leg when nerves are damaged, as well as the tightness of certain muscles that develops after traumatic injury nerves.

On the way to freedom

Active exercises have a greater effect; It is recommended to perform them calmly, without pain, without tension and power elements. Then the range of movements is gradually increased. The patient must observe consistent alternation of load on the affected area and healthy muscle groups, giving rest to the affected muscles. Gradually, free swing exercises are supplemented with weight-bearing exercises, muscle tension, dosed resistance.

Exercises on a gymnastic wall are useful when stretching exercises are performed for both the upper and lower lower limbs- mixed hangs. They must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor or rehabilitation instructor so as not to damage sharp pressure muscles, nerves and tendons.

In general, timely, correctly diagnosed and competent treatment, as well as the patient’s patience and perseverance in achieving the goal, lead to the restoration of the damaged nerve, a return to complete freedom of movement and active image life. But this requires a lot of time and effort.

Pain in the legs and buttocks is called sciatica. It is associated with chronic osteochondrosis or intervertebral hernia. The material discusses the main symptoms, exercises and treatment of the sciatic nerve at home, which will help cope with the pathology.

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptoms of pinching, which lead to its inflammation: it hurts sciatic nerve, appear neurological disorders. Signs may also be:

• pain in the buttock becomes stronger if you stand or sit for a long time without changing position;
• burning and tingling in the buttocks, in the leg;
• muscles are tense, weakness is felt, and a feeling of numbness may occur;
• when walking or other movements of the leg, a sharp piercing pain occurs;
• Initially, the pain is often felt only in the lower back, but gradually moves to the buttock, and through it is transmitted to the thigh, then to the foot.

If the sciatic nerve is affected by an injection, the consequences for a person can be expressed in the following symptoms:

• the person may begin to limp. Because of severe pain the body, when moving, deviates in the direction where there is no pain;
• on the side of the body where the infringement is present, sensitivity may be lost. In some cases, the sensitivity of this part of the body does not decrease, but increases;
• Maybe general increase body temperature, but only against the background of other symptoms.

It is worth noting that these symptoms can be observed when a nerve is pinched in both women and men.

The sciatic nerve is affected by injection - symptoms

If the sciatic nerve is touched during the injection, then one-sided pain in the buttock, lower back and leg, tingling and numbness may also occur. The inflammatory process manifests itself in different options, this is influenced by the degree of nerve damage. Clinical disorders may be expressed in different forms and drag on for a long time.

Important! The doctor will tell you correct treatment if the injections touch a nerve. In this case, do not self-medicate.

Symptoms of strangulation during pregnancy

The main signs of infringement manifest themselves in pain when walking, when a woman stands, shooting begins in the lumbar region, pain can interfere with sitting and sleeping. These symptoms negatively affect not only physical state the expectant mother, but also psychologically.

Important! Self-medication during pregnancy is unacceptable. A diagnosis cannot be made based on symptoms alone, and the list of approved medications during this period is limited. Contact your doctor!

Treatment at home

The process of home treatment for infringement is lengthy; it requires patience in following all instructions and attention to your health. The main methods of treatment include massage, use special ointments, physiotherapeutic procedures (warming the diseased area with red light is effective).

The massage should be performed by a specialist for at least 30 minutes every day or every other day. If you complete the required course therapeutic massage If it doesn’t work, you can use dry jars.

Important! If the pain is severe, they will help you cope with it warm baths. They need to be taken twice during the day.

What is important to observe if the sciatic nerve is often pinched and how to treat it at home:

• try not to sit for more than two hours at a time;
• place your feet straight when walking;
• keep your back straight, constantly ensure that there is no slouching;
• lower your knees;
• At night, your back should rest, which means you need to sleep on your side with your knees bent;
• get rid of extra pounds;
• eat foods high in B vitamins;
• give up constant wearing high-heeled shoes.

Gymnastics for treatment

When considering the symptoms, exercises and treatment of the sciatic nerve at home, you need to pay special attention therapeutic exercises. The emphasis is on sciatic stretches, which allow the muscles surrounding the sciatic nerve to relax.

1. While lying on your back, grab your knee with your hands and pull it up. Move to the opposite shoulder and hold for a few seconds. Lower your leg and repeat exactly the same actions with the second leg.
2. Lying on your back, bend your knees, placing your feet on the floor. Cross your arms over your chest and raise your torso so that your shoulders come off the floor. Repeat 15 times in a row, try not to rest.
3. Any leg stretching exercises that are done in a lying position will do.

What folk remedies will help?

You can numb the nerve at home using folk remedies. We present the most effective recipes.

Sauerkraut

Even in the old days, pinched sciatic nerves were treated with cabbage. This is extremely useful product, which creates in the intestines favorable conditions for development beneficial bacteria. It will also help high content B vitamins sauerkraut. This remedy is used for prophylaxis, but provides pain relief in acute period cabbage can't.

Brew the beans

Use peeled green bean leaves as tea leaves. This remedy has a good diuretic effect, helps eliminate unpleasant symptoms, saturates the body with B vitamins, which are necessary for regeneration nerve fibers.

Decoction of aspen leaves

Brew in 1 liter of boiling water big spoon aspen leaves. Drink the decoction four times during the day, it is better to do this before meals.

Calendula infusion

During the day you need to drink 250 g of infusion. A tablespoon is brewed in a glass of boiling water. Then boil for an additional 5 minutes and strain. Drink in two doses, each time before the main meal.

Natural wax

If natural beeswax melt, then in home treatment it can be used for compresses. First, it is recommended to rub the sore spot, and then apply hot wax to it, distributing it evenly over the entire surface. Next, wrap it in a warm scarf and leave until the wax cools completely.

Warming baths

Grind the horseradish root and wrap it in several layers of gauze. Then dip the gauze into the bath water. You can brew a kilogram of pine shoots in three liters of water, strain and pour into the bath. You need to take baths every day for 10 days before going to bed.

Treatment with drugs

It is not possible to cure the sciatic nerve with prayer or a conspiracy; you will only delay time and aggravate the situation. For treatment, use traditional medications: ointments, injections.

Ointments

What ointments will help to treat a pinched nerve:

• Finalgon. Use to rub problem areas. Relieves pain and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
• Viprosal. The product contains viper venom. Apply to a preheated area to relieve pain.
• Betalgon. In addition to the analgesic effect, this ointment improves blood supply to the skin in the problem area.
• Karmolis. A drug created on the basis of plant components. Contains menthol and mint Chinese lemongrass, cloves, anise and thyme oils. Has an excellent analgesic effect.

Injections

To cure inflamed nerve, drugs with anti-inflammatory properties are used. Some of them can be purchased at the pharmacy:

• Aspirin;
• Ibuprofen;
• Ketoprofen;
• Naproxen.

Medicines have contraindications and side effects, you should not use them yourself, so as not to harm your health.

Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin are used not only orally, but also intramuscularly, in the form of injections.

This is the minimum necessary information you need to know on the topic of symptoms, exercises and treatment of the sciatic nerve at home. Before starting therapy, you will need to consult your doctor. Only like this A complex approach will help you get rid of the pathology soon.

Drugs in the form of tablets and capsules do not act immediately and take time to dissolve in the stomach and enter the blood. In most cases, these medications have a detrimental effect on gastrointestinal tract, so it is better to consume them before meals. In contrast, medications intended for injection act almost immediately and you do not need to wait for the drug to dissolve and change your meal schedule for this. There are also disadvantages to this form of medication, because when an injection is made in the buttock area, damage often occurs, and this will cause its consequences, including symptoms.

It is extremely difficult to insure against such a nuisance, since even a doctor can accidentally make such a mistake. In order to avoid such a complication, it is recommended to contact only experienced specialists, and most importantly, know what to do if you get an injection and hit a nerve.

The sciatic nerve is the largest branch, 1 cm thick, related to peripheral department central nervous system. It originates from nerve branches located in the sacral and lumbar region spinal cord. The sciatic nerve passes through back wall pelvic bones and goes under piriformis muscle. Then it goes out to the thigh and is divided into the following branches:

• Tibial nerves;
• Peroneal nerves.

The path of the sciatic nerve can be seen in this picture:

The sciatic nerve does not have sensory branches, that is, it does not receive signals from the surrounding and internal environment. Instead, it connects the hip muscles, which are responsible for flexion, with the central nervous system.

Due to the volume of branches of the sciatic nerve, there are several areas where it can be damaged:

• Hip;
• Small pelvis;
• Piriformis muscle.

If you inject incorrectly or hit one of these places, then pronounced symptoms associated with a strong inflammatory process will appear.

Nerve damage after injection

In fact, from the birth of the baby, injections are expected gluteal muscle to prevent various diseases. Such vaccinations are performed in a hospital setting and mainly by a nurse in the manipulation room. The procedure itself does not cause severe pain and, if performed correctly, is practically not felt. If the injection was given incorrectly and medical worker hit a nerve, you need to know what to do to prevent possible consequences. After all, such an error can cause impaired sensitivity of the lower extremities and even partial paralysis. It is most dangerous for children, because they cannot properly explain what is bothering them, so it is difficult to prescribe the correct course of treatment. Babies usually become anxious and cry constantly, as this problem causes severe pain.

The most common complication is post-injection. You can see the recommended quadrants for an injection in the buttock in this photo:

Based on this picture, you can understand that the nerve is damaged when the inner or lower quadrant is chosen for the injection. In some cases, an inexperienced doctor may inject obliquely, which is a mistake, since it would be correct to inject strictly perpendicularly.

The problem manifests itself differently for each person, depending on the degree of damage. For some, the first symptoms are visible immediately, while others begin to feel the onset of inflammation after 1-2 weeks. Sciatic nerve neuropathy manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Violated motor abilities lower extremities and their sensitivity;
• Sometimes pathological process manifests itself in the form of pain in the area of ​​injury;
• The foot takes on an equinovarus position, that is, it bends inward and there is no way to turn it or straighten the toes. This phenomenon occurs due to dysfunction of the peroneal nerve;
• Due to malfunctions tibial nerve Achilles reflexes are weak or completely absent. Leg bending ankle joint also violated;
• If the damage was severe enough, the foot will become completely paralyzed. The degree to which its functions are restored will depend on the outcome of the course of therapy.

Paretic manifestations (immobility of muscles) that occur after nerve damage due to injection are different from paresis (weakening) of muscles of radicular origin (due to compression of the spinal nerves).

The main difference between them is in the vascular and trophic parts. Due to immobility of the muscles in the foot, the following changes are observed:

• Edema;
• Impaired blood supply resulting in the skin color becoming blue;
• Change in temperature in the limb. Patients often feel hot or cold in the foot with this disease;
• Manifestation of hypalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain);
• Pain when walking;
• Trophic disorders resulting from malnutrition of the limb.

In addition to pronounced signs of muscle atrophy, with neuropathy of the sciatic nerve, the shape of the foot also changes:

• In children, foot growth may be delayed;
• Due to the contraction of the Achilles tendon, the foot may become frozen in one position;
• The arch of the foot deepens.

Because of such pathological changes the course of therapy can last from 6 months to 2-3 years or more. In some patients full recovery impossible. If the nerve was not severely damaged, then treatment lasts from 2-3 weeks to 2-3 months. The duration of therapy depends on the age of the patient and the degree of damage, as well as other concomitant diseases.

Course of therapy

The course of treatment is prevention possible complications. It includes physical therapy, physiotherapy and medications. If the problem happened suddenly or it is not possible to go to the doctor, then you can use the following methods of first aid:

• The leg needs to be given complete rest and it is better to fix it in one position starting from the lower back;
• It is recommended to take special vitamins, for example, Milgumma and Folacin, before meals. The duration of treatment must be at least 30 days;
• Intramuscular injections of Diprospan are recommended, which have a strong anti-inflammatory effect. In case of diabetes mellitus, it should be replaced with Nimesulide;
• The leg should be kept warm so that the infiltrate that has accumulated due to inflammation and the medication are absorbed faster. For this purpose, it is recommended to undergo physiotherapeutic procedures;
• Aloe extract, which needs to be injected under the skin, can speed up resorption.

An injection into the sciatic nerve causes discomfort and has its consequences if you do not pay attention to this problem in time. When the first symptoms of this occur inflammatory process, you should find out what to do from your doctor and undergo a course of therapy.

Nerve damage can be caused autoimmune diseases, motor neuron disease, cancer, infection or diabetes mellitus. It may also be due to acute or progressive damage or deficiency nutrients. Treatment depends on how nerve damage: pinched, partially or completely destroyed.

Attention: The information in this article is for informational purposes only. Before using any methods, consult your doctor.

Steps

Treatment of mild nerve damage

Be patient. If a nerve has been partially damaged or pinched, it may heal on its own over time. This takes time because part of the nerve dies after injury, and the nerve needs time to grow back between the living ends.

Take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or Paracetamol. These drugs are taken to relieve episodic acute pain or no more than 2 weeks, depending on the doctor’s indications.

Try physical therapy. Physiotherapy is often used for pinching rather than more serious damage nerves. It helps repair damage and also strengthen the nerve and increase its flexibility. Talk to your doctor about physical therapy.

• If you have health insurance, it may not cover physical therapy. If you are unclear, consult your insurance company.
• You may have to wait several weeks or months after your injury before you begin treatment. this method treatment. The nerve may need certain time to heal and grow.
• If you find it difficult to exercise on land, try exercising in a pool, where your body weight will be partially balanced by the water. Once you get stronger, try doing strength exercises.

1. Sign up for acupuncture sessions. Some patients say that acupuncture calms the nerves and allows them to heal and repair themselves.

   Consider minor surgery. Nerve damage can be caused by compression or pinching. In such cases it is often helpful small operations, which are carried out in outpatient setting. Such operations are recommended for symptoms of radiculopathy, detection of pinching nerve root with MRI, constant pain in the nerve, which lasts more than six months, and progressive motor weakness.

   Get nerve retraining therapy. Your nerve may need to be retrained with this special therapy. Such therapy usually consists of two stages, “early” and “late”. During treatment, the nerves are “tuned” to correct perception.

Treatment of severe nerve damage

Seek medical attention. Go to an emergency room immediately medical care in case of injury in case of numbness or tingling in the limbs. If you get a cut, try to stop the bleeding on the way to the aid station.

• Nerve damage often occurs from cuts from a kitchen knife or broken glass.
• Go to an emergency room if you have recently been exposed to lead, arsenic, mercury, or other toxic substances. Before starting treatment, it is necessary to remove these substances from the body.

1. Consider nerve reconnection surgery or grafting. Such surgery may be required to repair the nerve if it is severely damaged. If the operation is successful, the nerve will grow back and recover at a rate of about 2-3 centimeters per month.

2. Retrain your body. When recovering from nerve damage, the body usually goes through four stages. The recovery process requires the cells to heal and be rewired so that they can properly transmit signals to the brain.

   • This may require physical therapy. Your specialist will show you exercises to increase your range of motion, which will help you retrain your body and allow you to fully recover.
   • Recovery may take some time. Nerves do not recover overnight. Recovery may take weeks, months or even years. In severe cases, the nerve may not recover completely. The doctor should be able to give a prognosis regarding how long it will take to recover from a particular injury.