What are the main signs of influenza in adults? Along the way, there are four forms of influenza. Flu symptoms in adults with fever

02.05.2019

A flu epidemic is not uncommon during the cold season. Some believe that if the symptoms of influenza in adults are similar to those, then it should be treated in the same way. Treatment is often limited to folk remedies. Flu is not a cold. This is very serious illness, the treatment of which is prescribed only by a specialist doctor. Some colds are similar, so it is very easy to mistake an acute respiratory infection for the flu and vice versa. Incorrect and untimely treatment can lead to serious complications and exacerbation of chronic diseases.

What is the flu?

Influenza is a disease caused by a certain type of virus. They enter the human body through the upper respiratory tract. It is the throat that is affected first by the virus. The source of infection is a person with influenza. The virus, entering the body, does not manifest itself at first. Its incubation period is 24-48 hours. As time passes, the first signs of the disease suddenly appear: body temperature rises, chills and fever appear, sore throat, weakness, aching bones (especially in the spine and limbs), slight runny nose, photophobia, often insomnia or, conversely, constant desire save. Symptoms do not subside for several days.

During this period, it is necessary to especially strictly observe bed rest and drink as much fluid as possible. It could be fruit juice from fresh berries or jam, herbal tea or compote without sugar. It is recommended to regularly ventilate the patient's room.

To alleviate the course of the disease, you can take antipyretic drugs, but only if the body temperature is above 38 °C. Doctors do not recommend lowering the temperature unless it threatens a person’s life: so protective forces The body is trying to resist the virus.

After 3-4 days, the fever goes away, the body temperature drops sharply to normal (+36.6 °C). This indicates that the disease passed without complications. Weakness in this case may remain for another 2 weeks. During this period, a severe runny nose and cough most often appear. It is necessary to continue treatment even if the effect of the virus has stopped.

Even after recovery, a person may have a headache, insomnia and irritability. These symptoms are normal course the illness disappears after 2 weeks. But if fever and increased body temperature appear on the 4th or 5th day of illness, the patient needs hospitalization. At the hospital he is prescribed antiviral therapy to prevent serious complications.

Even if the patient's condition improves, the patient should continue taking antiviral drugs. Doctors recommend taking them for 1 week. This is enough for the disease to pass without complications. It must be remembered that, like other diseases, a doctor must be treated. Self-medication viral diseases unacceptable.

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Signs of the flu

To distinguish the flu from other diseases, you need to know its main symptoms. Experts note the following symptoms of influenza in adults:

Very high, sharply rising body temperature (above 40 °C).
Severe headache (migraine-like).
Pain in muscles and joints, aches throughout the body.
Severe pain in the eyes, redness of the mucous membranes of the eyes.
Fear of bright light.
Severe runny nose, pharyngitis.
, pain when swallowing.
Chest discomfort and hacking dry cough.
Drowsiness, severe weakness.
Dizziness.
Increased blood pressure.
Profuse sweating.
Chills, fever.

Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are not necessarily symptoms of the flu, but may also indicate a viral infection.

The main difference between the flu and a cold is its rapid development, accompanied by a sudden rise in temperature above 38 °C.

The disease is accompanied severe intoxication organism that has the following symptoms:

chills;
adynamia;
muscle and headaches;
aches throughout the body;
dry cough with chest pain.

Catarrhal symptoms are mild. With any other viral infection (acute respiratory infection, adenovirus), catarrhal symptoms often predominate, that is, an adult develops a runny nose, a sore throat, catarrh of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and bronchitis. Only then, against the background of these catarrhal phenomena, does increased body temperature appear.

There are other hidden forms of influenza, e.g. atypical form. SARS may go away without any symptoms severe symptoms and can only be detected at an advanced stage. Flu is a serious illness that requires immediate medical attention. When treating this disease, you should strictly follow all the specialist’s recommendations and not engage in self-diagnosis and self-medication.

Every year, a large number of adults and children suffer from the influenza virus. For Russia and many countries of the Northern Hemisphere, the epidemic usually occurs in the cold season, when the human body is least protected from various infections.

Flu forecast for 2016-2017 - what types of virus are expected

To prepare for a possible influenza epidemic in a particular region, attention is paid to this problem in advance. As a rule, a meeting of the sanitary and anti-epidemic commission is held at the end of summer, when there is already certain information about the virus and its treatment method provided by specialists from the World Health Organization.

The likelihood and nature of an epidemic is determined based on research into the disease and monitoring its spread on the planet.

According to the WHO forecast, the following types of influenza virus are expected in the autumn-winter period of 2016-2017 in the countries of the Northern Hemisphere:

A/H1N1 (California 04/2009)
This is the most common strain of influenza and causes large-scale epidemics. After 2009, when this disease struck many residents North America, the virus was given the name “California 04/2009”. Besides medical term, H1N1 is also called “swine flu” because it affects not only humans, but also many animals, in particular domestic pigs. In most people, H1N1 progresses without further complications, even in the absence of serious drug treatment. However, this virus should not be neglected under any circumstances. The severe form of the disease is characterized by rapidly progressing viral pneumonia, which can be fatal if not properly treated within the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms.
H3N2 (A/Hong Kong)
This strain of influenza was isolated in 2014 during a massive epidemic in Hong Kong among adults and children. The main danger lies in the “poor familiarity” of the human immune system with this infection. According to medical research, H3N2 appeared due to mutations in various strains of the virus, primarily affecting birds. Since the population has practically no immunity to this disease, it is very important to get vaccinated in a timely manner. This is especially true for the so-called risk group – children and people of retirement age. Complications caused by H3N2 influenza include illnesses such as bronchitis and pneumonia, which require emergency treatment. There may also be an exacerbation bronchial asthma and cardiovascular diseases.
B/Brisbane
This virus is a subtype of influenza B. It was first identified in 2008 in the Australian city of Brisbane and is still a poorly studied type. Diagnose this infection quite difficult due to subtle symptoms. However, there is no need to worry about this, since influenza B is much less dangerous than strains belonging to group A. Typically, a disease of this type is quite easily tolerated by both adults and children, does not require serious treatment and, more importantly, does not characterized by severe complications.

The influenza forecast for 2016-2017 from epidemiologists suggests that large-scale epidemics are not expected. However, this does not eliminate the need to harden and stimulate the immune system, especially given the constant mutation of the virus and sometimes unforeseen results of treating the disease.

Flu 2017: main symptoms in adults

It is almost impossible to determine the specific type of influenza by symptoms, since different strains, as a rule, have similar symptoms. In addition, the severity of certain symptoms depends not only on the virus, but also on the general condition of the person.

Some of the symptoms of influenza are almost identical to those of regular flu. respiratory diseases, characteristic of adults. However, it is possible to distinguish this infection from acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections. The main symptoms of influenza in adults are:

high temperature (39-40 degrees) and fever;
aching pain in muscles and joints;
severe headaches;
general weakness, inability to concentrate on specific thoughts and actions;
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes;
dry cough accompanied by chest discomfort;
runny nose or pharyngitis.

Headache and fever are obvious symptoms of the flu in adults

Once the virus enters the body, it does not manifest itself in any way at first. The incubation period is usually 3-5 days, during which there are no symptoms. The disease itself lasts about a week, but even after completing treatment the person feels lethargic and tired, and during this period is susceptible to other diseases. This is especially true for adults, since mature age usually appear more severe symptoms flu, sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Symptoms of influenza and ARVI in children

From a psychological point of view, any adult experiences his illness easier than the illness of his children. Since in the process of growing up, the child’s body will in any case be subject to attacks from viral infections, it is very important during this period to remain calm and carry out treatment in strict accordance with the doctor’s recommendations. At the same time, parents should know how to independently distinguish between the symptoms of influenza and simple ARVI in children.

Children's symptoms of ARVI:

body temperature up to 38°C (rarely rises above);
intoxication of the body is weak;
general health is satisfactory;
moderate cough, manifests itself immediately after the onset of the disease;
obvious runny nose, often nasal congestion;
redness of the throat (one of the main symptoms).

Signs of flu in children:

body temperature above 39°C (can last 3-4 days, despite treatment);
high intoxication of the body, which is expressed by chills, sweating, headache, dizziness, aching joints;
cough appears on the 2-3rd day, accompanied by chest pain;
a runny nose does not appear immediately and is often not as pronounced as with ARVI;
possible redness of the eyes.

A high temperature in a child should serve as a signal for urgent treatment

If a child often sneezes due to a runny nose, has a sore throat, and the temperature remains at 37-38°C or is completely absent, this is obvious symptoms ARVI. Ordinary viral infections are also not characterized by disorders gastrointestinal tract, which often occur in children with H1N1 influenza. Another difference in the symptoms of influenza and ARVI in children is the nature of the course of the disease. In the first case, the onset of the disease is always acute, while ARVI most often proceeds smoothly.

Treatment of viral influenza 2016-2017 in adults and children

As we know, the best treatment is prevention. To protect yourself from the flu, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

Get vaccinated in a timely manner. Since the first antibodies are produced after 7-10 days, it is better to get vaccinated at least a month before the expected start of the epidemic.
Avoid places large cluster of people. Closed spaces are especially dangerous in this regard - in such conditions the virus is very quickly transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one.
Stick to general rules hygiene: wash your hands, use only your own cup, spoon, plate and towel.
Ventilate the room and carry out wet cleaning at least 2 times a day.
Improve the general condition of the body by playing sports and taking multivitamins.

Timely vaccination makes the symptoms of the disease milder and significantly simplifies treatment.

If the disease has been managed by the human immune system, then treatment of viral influenza in both children and adults should be carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor. Only a specialist will be able to determine which medications will be sufficiently effective in a particular clinical case, and what treatment program should be followed.

During the flu, it is very important to stay in bed. This task may seem difficult for adults, given the need to take sick leave for at least a week. However, treatment alternatives of this disease does not exist. Influenza carried on the legs is extremely dangerous due to its complications, which can affect the functioning of the respiratory system, heart and muscular system. In the case of H1N1, neglecting bed rest can be fatal.

Although, as noted above, experts do not predict any abnormal epidemics at the end of this and the beginning next year, in the event of the first symptoms, it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations for the prevention and treatment of viral influenza in adults and children. With respect to own health and qualified medical assistance, the 2016-2017 flu and, most importantly, its complications will most likely bypass you.

In anticipation cold winter Doctors are redoubling their efforts to study the epidemiological situation in the country and in the world. This is done in order to warn the population about the potential possible viruses and create conditions in time to prevent isolated outbreaks of the disease from turning into a global pandemic.

Epidemiologists suggest that ARVI and seasonal viral flu 2016-2017 will become more active in November-December of this year. Symptoms and signs of A strains will appear slightly later in adults and children (presumably early January 2017). However, doctors are confident that the incidence will not exceed last year’s figures and that each person will be provided with timely health care and necessary services for treatment and speedy recovery.

The only thing doctors ask is not to self-medicate, but to immediately contact specialists, especially in case of exacerbation primary symptoms. This will help to localize the source of infection in time and prevent viruses from spreading further. Therefore, if you suddenly feel unwell, start coughing and sneezing, feel sharp pains in the chest and severe weakness, do not delay treatment, but immediately go to the doctor. Based on the primary symptoms, he will be able to determine in time the nature of the disease, even without fever, and will immediately prescribe the correct treatment. Only then will the virus be quickly defeated and will it not cause any unpleasant or dangerous complications to the body of adults and children.

Flu 2016-2017: virologists' forecast of what kind of flu is expected

For the autumn-winter period of 2016-2017, virologists make a disappointing forecast: we expect not only traditional colds and acute respiratory viral infections, but several types of influenza, each of which is dangerous in its own way, both for children and adults. Epidemic season will begin at the end of October and last almost until spring. The most actively circulating influenza virus strains will be:

H1N1 or swine flu. It is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which is considered one of the most widespread on the planet and causes the largest epidemics, accompanied by a large number of victims. fatal. Distributed both among people and among animals and birds. WHO first registered large outbreaks of this disease in June 2009. The virus is transmitted in several ways: aerogenously - from the carrier to the victim during the process of sneezing or coughing; household contact – if personal hygiene rules are not observed (hand washing) after touching objects that have been exposed to elements of the virus that spreads the disease; passive - when eating contaminated pork cooked without proper heat treatment.
H2N2 or Asian flu. It first manifested itself in February 1957 in southern China and caused an epidemic there that was devastating in scale. Over the course of a year, between 1 and 4 million people died from the deadly effects of the virus. At the beginning of spring, the disease spread to Singapore, and already in May the impact of the influenza virus was felt in the border areas Soviet Union. By the end of 1957 in the USSR, the number of patients affected by the Asian flu ranged from 30 to 50 percent of the total population. A slight decline in the disease around the world began only in the fall of 1958, but already in December the pandemic entered its second phase. active phase and covered the Near and Middle East. The virus was curbed only by December 1959, however, as a result of its march around the world, between 1.5 and 2 billion people became ill, and more than 1 million people died as a result of the pandemic different countries. By 1968, the strain of this virus was finally “suppressed” and since then, vaccination of adults and children against H2N2 has not been carried out and immunity in modern people Those born after 1969 are not affected by this disease. WHO warns everyone about a possible H2N2 epidemic as the cyclical viral manifestations this type has been around for 60 years and 2017 could well be the beginning of a new round of the pandemic.
H3N2 or Hong Kong flu. One of the rather old viruses that killed many people around the world in the late 60s of the last century. Its symptoms are similar to swine flu, but it is considered somewhat less dangerous for people. Most often it affects not the active, working population under 60 years of age, but children who have the immune system has not yet had time to fully form, and older citizens with weakened age-related changes body and all kinds chronic diseases varying degrees of severity. The disease poses a great danger to pregnant women, diabetics, heavy smokers, HIV-infected people and people who drink heavily. alcoholic drinks. The most high mortality rate from Hong Kong flu is observed among children under 2 years of age and old people 65 years of age or more.

Classic and specific (dangerous) symptoms of influenza 2017 in adults

The bulk of the symptoms of the above strains appear in adults in the same way as the usual seasonal viral flu or ARVI. In almost all cases, the temperature rises, the throat feels sore, itchy persistent cough, and the nose is irritated by a profuse runny nose. The body aches from muscle pain, and the sudden onset of weakness makes you want to lie down, instead of going to work or doing your usual household chores. So unpleasant condition accompanied by severe headaches, constant chills and tachycardia.

Dangerous symptoms of influenza A strains in adults

When different strains of influenza enter the body, the classic symptoms of a cold are aggravated and complicated. additional symptoms. The patient should, without wasting a single minute, contact a specialized doctor for treatment or call an ambulance if:

The temperature remains stable throughout the day at 39-40 degrees and cannot be brought down by any antipyretic drugs. Or if within 4-5 days the temperature does not drop below 38 degrees, despite active treatment, regular intake appropriate medications, vitamins and tablets.
Strong, It's a dull pain, aches and weakness are felt throughout the whole body. Nausea rises in the throat, sudden, unreasonable urge to vomit occurs, the lower abdomen pulls, diarrhea occurs periodically, and when urinating, there is difficulty or there is no urge at all for a long time. All this is accompanied by shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, blue lips, signs of dehydration, cramping of the limbs, confusion and general disorientation.
The disease progresses very actively and the patient’s condition worsens, literally before our eyes, sometimes within a few hours. The incubation period of influenza strains is very short and usually ranges from 2 to 4 days, so it is very important to identify the type of influenza as soon as possible and create all the conditions for the person to quality treatment illness.
Intense inflammatory processes immediately following an increase in temperature. With regular seasonal flu, this only results in a runny nose and cough. When the body is affected by strains, the mucous membrane often becomes inflamed, and in severe cases it becomes insensitive to classical antibiotics. viral pneumonia. This is the most dangerous moment, since the complication quickly progresses and, in the absence of timely and correct treatment, can cause death, and just a day after observing the first symptoms of the complication.

Flu: characteristic signs and symptoms in children

Symptoms and signs characteristic of influenza in children are very similar to the manifestation of the disease in adults. In the same way, children have a sharp rise in temperature, weakness and lethargy, a sore throat and a cough with a runny nose. Flu strains affect young patients even more severely than adults. Children are especially vulnerable to some of their symptoms, and according to some indicators they are even at risk of death in the absence of timely and qualified treatment.

For viral influenza in preschool children and school age The area of the larynx is primarily affected, large bronchi and trachea. It is there that the most global morphological changes occur. IN lung tissue Blood circulation is disrupted, and small hemorrhages occur in the pleura. The younger the child is, the higher the risk of the formation of a focus of serous inflammation in the lungs and the subsequent development of pneumonia.
Symptoms of category A strains appear in children within 2 days, influenza B - within 3-4 days. Most acute phase is the onset of the disease. At this moment, the temperature “soars” to 39-40°C and it is not always possible to bring it down quickly. Children feel as bad as possible at the end of the first day and sometimes the serious condition (weakness, joint and muscle pain, increased lethargy) continues into the second day of the disease.
Almost always, the flu in children is accompanied by a symptom such as a sharp decrease in appetite, and in especially difficult cases, a complete refusal to eat. Nausea and vomiting, severe headache, insomnia, and, less commonly, delirium and hallucinations are possible.
Most typical for active course The disease has the following symptoms: cough, mucous discharge from the nose, acute sore throat, difficulty swallowing, segmental pulmonary edema, pallor of the skin and increased sweating. In difficult cases it is possible meningeal symptoms, brief fainting, limb cramps and nosebleeds.

Flu 2016-2017 – prevention and treatment in adults and children

Among preventive procedures To help adults and children protect themselves from the symptoms of influenza 2016-2017 and ARVI, timely vaccination is considered the most effective. It is carried out in early autumn (from September to October). This is done so that by the beginning of a potential epidemic of viral infections, the body becomes stronger and has time to develop immunity. Vaccination of children and adults is carried out using medical supplies containing surface antigens influenza strains. After 14-30 days, the vaccination enters the active phase and the person becomes practically invulnerable to disease.

For adults and children who, for personal reasons, are unable to get vaccinated against influenza, a special option is offered for the prevention and treatment of primary symptoms: regular use of immunomodulators, strict adherence to personal hygiene rules, restrictions on being in public places, use of personal protection etc.

If, despite all precautions, children or adults develop primary signs and symptoms of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor to receive qualified medical treatment. When all necessary medications prescribed, they will need to be taken in strict accordance with the doctor’s instructions. In addition, it is necessary to reduce contact with people to a minimum, limit (or completely abolish) any physical activity, maintain bed rest (even when the illness passes without fever), eat well and take vitamins. These rules are equally relevant for both adults and children and are mandatory.

The h1n1 strain of influenza, called swine flu, is predominant this winter. This subtype appeared as a result of crossing 2 different types of viruses. That's why it comes with complications. His virus spreads instantly. After a short contact with a sick person, the “delights” of the disease overtake the healthy one. A person with the flu is contagious a day before signs of illness appear.

Doctors warn that if you do not go to the hospital in a timely manner, swine flu 2016, or rather its complications, can be fatal.

Who is most susceptible to the disease

There are several risk groups for severe development of influenza:

People over 65 years of age.
Children under 5 years of age.
Pregnant women.
People with chronic diseases.

How to recognize swine flu

At first, any cold can be confused with swine flu. However, with the flu, the temperature is not lower than 38 degrees.

Vomiting and diarrhea, complications at work respiratory organs indirectly indicate the presence of a virus swine flu.

Important: a patient with swine flu produces a lot of sweat. When you have a cold, sweating is not as intense. Also severe irritability occurs, absence of tears and urination when crying.

U individuals acute illness preceded by warning signs: runny nose and cough, gastrointestinal disorders. After 3–4 days, a typical flu develops with headache and fever.

Analysis for swine flu (laboratory diagnostics), as well as the clinical picture, allow us to establish a diagnosis of swine flu. The entire procedure lasts about 25 – 48 hours.

How long does the disease last?

The duration of a viral infection depends on the characteristics of the body. With proper treatment, the disease disappears after 7–10 days.

Indicators of recovery are the absence of fever, headache, weakness, and cough. After the fever, at least a day should pass.

Flu symptoms in adults

At the initial stage With Swine flu symptoms 2016 can be confused with the normal type of virus. These include:

Weakness.
Temperature rise above 38 degrees.
Muscle pain.
Heaviness in the head.

Can be:

Nausea.
Abdominal pain, diarrhea.
Inflammation of the eyes.
Vomit.

Later join:

Runny nose, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath.

After 2 - 3 days, if treatment is not started on time, these symptoms can provoke pneumonia.

The incubation period of swine flu is 3–4, in rare cases – 7 days.

Important: early treatment promotes rapid recovery.

Symptoms of the disease in children

The symptoms of swine flu in children and adults are identical. However, during the course of the disease, children have their own characteristics:

Apathy.
Sudden change of mood.
Drowsiness.
Rapid deterioration in health.

A slight malaise in the morning by evening can develop into severe fever and sore throat. Very fast development The disease is explained by the still unformed immunity of the child’s body.

Swine flu in children often causes complications: asphyxia, pneumonia, hemorrhage in the internal organs, damage to the nervous system.

Important: when the first symptoms of the flu appear, immediately call a doctor to see your child.

When to ask for help

The patient needs to urgently call an ambulance if he is worried about:

Poor heart function.
Cyanosis (blue discoloration) of the skin.
Severe respiratory failure.
Fainting.
Feelings of pain in the chest.
Dyspnea.
Signs of brain depression.
Decreased blood pressure.

You need to rush to the hospital if your temperature does not drop within 3 days.

Treatment for adults

During the period of fever (5 - 7 days) until the temperature normalizes, the patient should not get out of bed. And as soon as the first symptoms of the disease appear, call a doctor.

For better body resistance, you need to take vitamins and drink plenty of fluids. The food should be warm. Spicy, fried, pickled foods are prohibited.

Drug therapy

In severe cases - antiviral drugs(Tamiflu, Relenza). The medication is more effective when taken within two days after the onset of the disease. The drugs are taken for 5 days, sometimes longer.

In moderate and mild cases - antiviral agents (gripferon, arbidol, cycloferon, kagocel).
Antibiotics (cephalosporins, vancomycin) are prescribed when complications occur (bronchitis, pneumonia).
Antipyretics (ibuprofen, paracetamol).
For the nose - vasoconstrictors (otrivin, nazol, Nazivin).
To relieve cough (ambroxol, ACC).
Antihistamines (Zodak, Claritin).

In the hospital, in order to reduce intoxication, detoxification therapy is carried out and glucocorticosteroids are prescribed.

Treatment of children

The swine flu virus, which changes periodically and becomes more and more resistant to the drugs previously used to combat it, is quite dangerous. Therefore, you shouldn’t deal with it on your own; you should definitely go to a therapist and find out how to treat swine flu.

The following drugs are designed to combat the disease:

Antiviral

Zanamivir (Relenza) is used by inhalation. Children receive 2 inhalations a day (5 days, 2 times a day). The drug is not recommended for those suffering from asthma (bronchial).
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) leads to rapid recovery if the first symptoms of swine flu appear in a child. The medicine should not be given to children under 1 year of age.

Antipyretics

Indomethacin;
Nurofen.

Vasoconstrictors

Tetrizoline;
Naphazoline;
Oxymetazoline;
Indanazoline - to improve nasal breathing.

Treatment of pregnant women

During the epidemic, all pregnant women with severe intoxication should be hospitalized.

Use large quantity fluids (in the absence of edema).
Medicines for swine flu: antiviral (Arbidol, Viferon in suppositories), Relenza, Tamiflu.
In case of vomiting (inability to take tablets), Panavir is administered intramuscularly.
To reduce the manifestations of fever - ascorutin, paracetamol.
Cephalosporins are prescribed when bacterial pneumonia occurs.

Treatment of influenza with traditional methods

Treatment of swine flu should be comprehensive. Besides bed rest, good nutrition, taking medications and vitamins, good action provide traditional medicine:

The use of inhalations with medicinal herbs(eucalyptus, chamomile, pine twigs, sage) and potato peels.
Mix half a glass of vodka with chopped garlic clove. Apply the resulting solution (a few drops five times a day) to the tongue, hold it in the mouth longer and swallow.
Relieves fever with a decoction of dried cherries. Mix 100 g of berries and half a liter of water and cook over low heat for half an hour.
Drink teas (raspberry, linden, ginger).
Wash the onion with the peel, add 50 g of sugar, fill to the top with water. Cook over low heat for half an hour. Take on a table spoon several times a day.
Mix a little sugar with 4 yolks (until foam forms), add about half a liter of heated beer, lemon zest, cinnamon, cloves and cook over low heat for 3 - 4 minutes, without bringing to a boil. The resulting drink is instead of tea.
Mix 1 teaspoon of salt, juice of 1 lemon, 1 g of ascorbic acid and dissolve in one and a half liters boiled water(warm). Before going to bed, within 2 - 3 hours, drink a little of the entire solution.
Mustard plasters can replace honey massage. You need to melt a tablespoon of honey and lightly rub it into the sternum area and between the shoulder blades. The massage lasts about 2 minutes.

Complications from swine flu

The flu progresses quickly, but causes great discomfort. The most painful symptoms subside after a few days, and after a week they practically disappear. However, some patients experience complications:

Rarely - damage to the spinal cord and brain.
Severe pneumonia caused by the swine flu virus or associated bacterial infection. This disease is extremely aggressive, and respiratory failure quickly develops.
Rhabdomyolysis or myositis (movement disorders with pain and weakness in the muscles).

Very rarely does the flu shot cause nervous disease(Guillain-Barre syndrome) which is accompanied by severe temporary weakness.

In obese, weakened people chronic diseases, pregnant women and children may experience death from swine flu. According to statistics, this happens in 7% of cases.

Prevention

Prevention of swine flu 2016 includes the following measures:

Wear a mask in enclosed spaces.
Do not contact sick people.
Rinse nose with solution sea salt or soda.
Do not stay in crowded places.
Ventilate the premises more often.
Do wet cleaning of the premises several times a day.
Treat the nasal mucosa with ointments (with viferon, oxolinic). If there are no such ointments, then you can use paraffin or Vaseline.
If signs of swine flu appear in adults or children living with healthy family members, you need to adhere to the rules of hygiene: wash your hands more often, use individual household items, and wash them thoroughly after using dishes (boil).
Maintain immunity: diversify your diet with citrus fruits, onions, garlic, eat well (consume proteins, carbohydrates). During an epidemic, delay the process of losing weight - do not restrict food.
After talking with your doctor, you can take antiviral drugs for swine flu.
The following are important in disease prevention: good sleep and gymnastics classes.

The immune system is strengthened by vitamin C, tinctures of Eleutherococcus and Rhodiola rosea, and sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables.

Important: the most effective means prevention is vaccination.

Any flu, including swine flu, must be treated under the supervision of a doctor. Don’t panic, but also be careful about your health. The 2016 swine flu epidemic contributed to rising prices for medicines, so to avoid getting sick, take preventive measures.

Influenza is a disease caused by viral infection. It differs from other colds in its extremely severe course and serious complications, often fatal. To prevent this and begin timely treatment at home, you need to know the symptoms and signs of influenza in adults and children.

An epidemic of influenza is an annual phenomenon. Gains strength in the cool season in large populated areas. The main sign of the onset of the epidemic is the rapid increase in the number of schoolchildren staying at home with symptoms characteristic of this disease.

Schoolchildren are the initial outbreak. Over time, the infection spreads among adults. The virus that causes the disease is transmitted by airborne droplets. Completion incubation period, lasting 5 days, begins the process acute course.

The list of the first signs of the flu includes a sharp headache, body aches, dry cough, nausea, vomiting, high fever that does not subside for a long time. Blood pressure often drops. Regular symptoms include a sore throat and severe runny nose.

It happens that a person with the flu suffers from diarrhea. Since it is not on the list of symptoms, it is considered a sign concomitant disease or side effect taking medications.

Flu symptoms

Experience shows that flu symptoms appear unexpectedly. The flu is characterized by an acute onset, accompanied by fever, headache and fatigue. To organize this information, I will present the signs of the flu in the form of a list.

Heat.
Weakness.
Painful sensations in muscles and joints.
Dry cough.
Reflex hyperemia skin.
Severe runny nose.
Headache.

If you realize in a timely manner that you have caught the flu, treatment will be shorter. Antiviral drugs help only the first few days from the onset of symptoms. Many of them stimulate the production of interferon, which is the body’s natural protector against viruses. Consequently, this forms a rapid response of the body to the effects of viral pathogens.

How the virus is transmitted

When coughing, breathing, talking and sneezing, mucus and saliva with phlegm come out of the respiratory tract. They contain a lot of pathogenic microflora. Consequently, people surrounding the patient are in a danger zone and can easily become infected.

The patient is able to transmit the infection to other people for up to a week after the initial symptoms appear. The most dangerous first two days. People visiting public places when sick contribute to the rapid spread of infection.

Forms of the disease

The severity of the disease is determined by many factors, including: age, general health, immunity, previous contacts with this type of virus.

Light form. Accompanied by an increase in temperature to 38 degrees. Symptoms of infectious toxicosis are absent or practically do not manifest themselves.
Moderate form. The temperature rises to 40 degrees. Accompanied by headache, total weakness, intense sweating, runny nose, damage to the nasopharynx.
Severe form. Temperature above 40 degrees. Signs characteristic moderate form, are supplemented by vomiting, convulsions, nosebleeds and even hallucinations.

Even if a person has recovered from the flu, for two decades he may suffer from insomnia, weakness, headaches and irritability.

Influenza is extremely dangerous for people with chronic lung and heart diseases. In their case, it often contributes to the exacerbation of chronic diseases, which aggravates severe course already dangerous flu.

The flu is no less dangerous for pregnant girls, as it can cause damage to the fetus, especially early stages. Often, influenza in pregnant women leads to premature birth. The list of complications includes rhinitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, encephalitis and meningitis.

Treatment of influenza in adults at home

When outside the window very coldy It's easy to get the flu. The disease is extremely bothersome and requires timely treatment. If you ignore the main symptoms, complications may arise that affect the functioning of the kidneys, brain, respiratory system and heart.

The infection knocks a person off his feet. At the same time, even an exhausted patient cannot always fall asleep. What is the reason for this? The processes occurring in the body that accompany the active phase of the disease.

At the initial stage, the virus actively invades the mucous membranes of the defenseless respiratory tract and nasopharynx. As a result, the weakened mucous membrane becomes a breeding ground for bacteria.
Cells are affected ciliated epithelium. IN normal conditions they remove germs, dust and foreign particles. With the flu, they do not cope with their task.
At the same time, cellular immunity is inhibited. After entering the body, the virus, together with bacteria, becomes dangerous to systems and organs.

The duration of enhanced fight against influenza in apartment conditions is short. Usually the febrile period passes within 4 days, after which the temperature begins to decrease. As a result, the patient gets the impression full recovery, which pushes him to return to the traditional rhythm of life. He works, stops taking medications and vitamins, and chills outside. Such actions are fraught with relapse.

Flu medications for adults

Practice shows that at the initial stage, an adult can freely fight the flu at home. The only exceptions are severe complications or chronic diseases. In this case, hospitalization is required.

Pharmacies sell a variety of flu medications for adults. In my material I will consider and systematize medicines that deserve most attention.

Antiviral drugs . It is recommended to take three tablets per day at the initial stage. The list of such medications includes Amizon, Anaferon, Aflubin and Tamiflu.
Painkillers . There are times when a patient with the flu suffers from a severe headache. The medications Citramon and Farmadol help relieve it. For the next attack, one tablet will be enough.
Anti-inflammatory drugs . Reduce inflammatory process. Nimesil or Ibuprofen must be present in the first aid kit.
Antihistamines . Relieves the main symptoms of influenza infection, including nasal congestion and runny nose.
Antipyretics . If the temperature exceeds 39 degrees, it should be lowered. Paracetamol, Panadol, Aspirin or Nurofen will help. These drugs are often used in the treatment of sore throat.
Cold drops . A runny nose often accompanies the flu. You can relieve it with drops of Pinosol and Grippferon.
Cough medicines . If you suffer during the flu coughing, it is possible to eliminate it with Lazolvan, Ambroxol, Mucaltin or Bromhexine. It is enough to take two tablets a day.
Sprays for inhalation . If your throat hurts badly, regularly use Bioparox, Chlorophyllipt or Ingalipt sprays.
Immunomodulators . Umkalor, Undevit or Decamevit help strengthen the immune system.
Antibiotics . Antibiotics are recommended in cases of complications of influenza bacterial infection. Biseptol, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin and Amoxil will help.

As you can see, modern adults have access to an extensive list of medications aimed at combating the flu and its symptoms. They are sold without a prescription. However, I advise you to first consult with your doctor regarding taking a particular drug. Flu is a delicate thing and does not like errors.

Folk remedies for flu for adults

If the disease is not accompanied by complications, it is customary to treat the flu at home. Until the patient recovers, it is advisable to allocate a separate room. During the febrile period, you should constantly cover yourself with a warm blanket, take multivitamins and expectorants.

Folk remedies will help fight high fever and strengthen the immune system.

Cinnamon. Prepare ahead of time. Dilute fifty grams of cinnamon with 500 ml of moonshine and leave for 20 days in a dark place. Strain the medicine and take 25 drops before meals.
Onion inhalations . Cut a fresh onion in half and inhale the fumes, repeating the procedure three times a day. In between procedures, you can put a cotton swab dipped in garlic paste into your nose.
Motherwort grass . Mix the juice of the plant equally with moonshine and take a small spoon before meals for heart weakness, which is a consequence of the flu. Dry motherwort powder is suitable for fighting the flu itself. Take one gram per day before meals.
Garlic. Eat about five cloves per day. Garlic juice consume half a small spoon after meals during treatment or prevention of influenza infection. Do this every other day.
Eucalyptus leaves . Helps great with the flu alcohol tincture, made from eucalyptus leaves. Pour twenty grams of leaves with table alcohol, close the lid and leave for one week. After filtering, drink the tincture 20 drops, pre-diluted boiled water.
Lavender flowers . Prepare ahead of time. Combine fifty grams of lavender flowers with a half-liter bottle of vodka and leave for 15 days. For the flu, take the resulting composition 25 drops with the addition of water. Lavender essential oil in combination with honey is also suitable. Single dose – 3 drops.
Black currant . Make a drink from blackcurrants by adding sugar and hot water. It is recommended to drink 4 glasses a day. You can use a decoction of currant branches. Pour a handful of chopped twigs into 4 cups of water, boil for five minutes and simmer over low heat for 4 hours.
Herbal infusion. Combine the initial letter, chamomile and sage into equal proportions, chop and mix. spoon ready mixture pour two cups of boiling water, wait 40 minutes and drink as tea, with the addition of mint or honey.

Each of the folk remedies for adults is effective in its own way, I cannot say which one will suit you. Determining the optimal drug can only be done practically or with the help of a doctor.

How to treat flu in children at home

It is not difficult to identify the flu in a child. It is enough to inspect it carefully. Breathing accompanied by wheezing and noise, nasal discharge and cough, redness of the sinuses and eyes - this confirms the fact of the disease.

You need to understand that a child’s body gets rid of mucus by coughing and sneezing. He will cope with a mild infection in a few days, and as a result the cough will subside.

There are times when microbes are in no hurry to give up their positions. As a result, the body begins to mobilize white blood cells. Such a battle produces a by-product - green nasal mucus. Then the immune system comes into play, protecting the owner’s body through high temperature. This is a turning point.

An increase in temperature is proof that the body’s defense system, with the support of folk or pharmaceuticals will overcome the disease. True, parents should treat high temperature correctly, since it is a friend and an enemy at the same time.

Young parents, following the example of their mothers, are fighting a fever rather than the flu. They don’t even realize that temperatures up to 38 degrees do not harm a child’s body. The child's behavior is important, not the number of degrees.

If a child refuses to have fun, does not make contact and becomes self-absorbed, this should alert parents. If the child does not eat and constantly sleeps, good. This means that the body uses own funds and strives for recovery.

Febrile seizures- one of the most unpleasant symptoms influenza infection in a child. Twitching of the limbs and chin signals that it is time to bring down the temperature.

Flu medications for children

If a child has the flu, treatment should be started immediately. Therapy should be aimed at relieving symptoms.

Antibiotics are useless in this case, since they are aimed at fighting a bacterial infection. Antiviral agents effective only at the initial stage.

We fight the virus . To combat the flu-causing virus, use Remantadine or Arbidol. High temperature and intoxication will be reduced by Paracetamol or Nurofen.
Nasal congestion and cough . When a child has the flu, it becomes difficult nasal breathing. Xylometazoline and Aquamaris are suitable for eliminating nasal congestion. It is better to fight cough with Lazolvan or Ambroxol.
Bed rest . The child should adhere to bed rest, sleep a lot and not waste energy reserve for study or entertainment. Following this rule will speed up your recovery.
Diet. Parents should ensure that the child eats small portions of light meals and drinks a lot, and should not overeat. You can drink water, cranberry juice, natural juices, compotes and other drinks room temperature.
The right clothes . If the temperature rises, do not wear warm clothes, otherwise heat transfer will be disrupted and the condition will worsen. Do not use aspirin to reduce fever. This medicine contributes to the development of Reye's syndrome. This rare disorder can cause damage to the brain or liver.

If your child is in good health, he can be given antiviral drugs if he has the flu. However, modern pediatricians do not recommend doing this, otherwise the immune system will not gain experience in fighting the disease.

Over-the-counter medications should not be given to a child under four years of age, even if they are effective in relieving symptoms. These medications cause unpleasant side effects. Before purchasing tablets, be sure to consult your doctor.

Folk remedies for flu for children

Folk remedies against influenza are aromatic, sometimes tasty and completely natural, which is important for the fragile organism of children.

Pine needles . One hundred grams pine needles pour over water and grind thoroughly. Then place the pine needles in a saucepan, add a liter of water and boil. After filtering, give the resulting mixture to the child half a glass three times a day, after adding a little honey to the drink.
Ginger tea . Grate the ginger, take a quarter glass of water, add a glass of fresh honey and boil. Then add half a small spoon to the tea. I don't recommend using coffee.
Barley decoction . A first-class antipyretic remedy for colds. Boil 100 grams of pearl barley in a liter of water for 15 minutes, wait until it cools and strain. Drink 250 ml with the addition of linden honey before bed.
Cherry decoction. Cherry decoction will help fight the flu. Pour one hundred grams of dry cherries into two glasses of water and place on the stove. Cook until a third of the liquid evaporates. Drink as tea with honey.

The folk remedies that I talked about have stood the test of time and proven high level efficiency. To speed up recovery, I recommend combining them with traditional treatment approved by your doctor.

Video from Dr. Komarovsky School about influenza

How to treat flu during pregnancy

Pregnancy changes a woman’s approach to treating diseases, including influenza. When she has to worry only about her health, she can become careless and spend the disease on her feet. Bearing a child future mom becomes more attentive, listens to the signals of her body and even trivial illness may cause panic.

If you get the flu, don't panic. Visit qualified doctor and notify your gynecologist about your illness. You shouldn’t solve the problem yourself, because only a doctor can choose a medicine that is safe for the baby.

I note that even herbs that are harmless to humans, the use of which involves ethnoscience, for a girl in this position may turn out to be unsafe. Useful tips, which I will share will be in addition to the medications prescribed by the doctor.

Paracetamol will help reduce the temperature. Other drugs are also sold, but there is no point in using them. The compositions of these products are almost identical, with the exception of flavoring additives and fragrances.
Treatment of influenza encourages the use of warm liquids. Drink up to two liters per day. The ideal option is tea with lemon or berry juice.
Oil-based inhalations help with flu tea tree or eucalyptus. Infusions made from chamomile, sage or mint will be a good help.
Aromatherapy will help in the fight against illness. Place a couple of drops on the aroma lamp essential oils orange or eucalyptus. This will make breathing easier.
A decoction of chamomile or a solution of iodine and baking soda. Rinse with these products oral cavity.
Pay special attention to sleep. During the process of rest, the human body intensively fights the disease. It doesn't hurt to eat fruits, onions and garlic. These products will strengthen the immune system and destroy viral particles.

Don't forget about flu prevention. Use known ways to prevent illness even if you have little free time. I will introduce prevention methods in the final part of the material.

Prevention of influenza in children and adults

With the onset of deep autumn, people begin to actively prepare for the next outbreak of influenza epidemic, the duration of which is often several months.

We have already become familiar with the symptoms of the disease. By themselves they are not dangerous. The disease itself is considered dangerous, since it often leads to complications such as otitis media, pneumonia or heart problems.

Doctors say that the best protection against the disease is vaccinations. However, sometimes it is not possible to get an injection. For example, due to allergies or unacceptable stress on the body. In addition, the flu virus is constantly changing, so the vaccine does not guarantee 100% protection. In this case, traditional methods of prevention come to the rescue.

Walks in the open air . Strengthen the immune system. Fresh air negatively affects pathogenic microorganisms. During an epidemic, walking is not just a pastime, but a preventive measure.
Protective measures in front of the street . Treat the nasal canals with a thick cream or special ointment. Walk away from crowds of people.
Gauze bandage . This protective measure should also be used by a family member who has the flu. At the same time, contact with him must be limited.
Maintaining hygiene rules . Follow the rules of hygiene, regularly wash your hands and dishes, and perform wet cleaning. The above measures prevent the free spread of the virus.
Garlic and onion. The vapors of these natural products perfectly destroy bacteria. You can make a necklace out of garlic cloves, and put the onion cut into pieces on a plate and place it somewhere in the apartment.
Eat vitamin-rich foods . Do not drink cold liquids.
Pinning and physical activity .

Carry out preventive measures not on the eve of the cold season, but in advance, since strong immunity is useful at any time of the year.

Flu epidemic

According to medical statistics, about 15 percent of the world's population falls ill with the flu every year.

The virus that causes the disease is a complex biochemical substance consisting of a protective capsule and nucleic acids. At the same time, he is the bearer of a certain genetic code. The virus cannot exist on its own. It needs the cells of a living organism. Once in the cell, the substance leads to a change in its vital activity, as a result, the production of new viruses is launched.

The cell is unable to cope with this work for long and dies. Newly created viruses attack other cells and multiply rapidly. Without treatment, a person’s condition worsens significantly, and dead cells become a heavy burden for the body, which poisons it.

The epithelium is the first to be noticed by the influenza virus. It's about about the cells lining the nose, mouth and respiratory tract. The pathogen penetrates here without problems and then spreads throughout the body. Initially, the attack of viral particles proceeds unnoticed. Over time, the victim begins to feel aches, weakness, fatigue and headache. The body is trying to fight foreign bodies through high temperature.

At first glance, it may seem that the virus affects the respiratory system. This is wrong. The nervous system suffers the most. Subsequently, they receive significant damage blood vessels, liver, lungs and kidneys. We are talking about intoxication.

In most cases, an epidemic occurs when poor prevention or an attack by an unrecognized virus. In the old days, when no vaccines existed, pathogens freely affected large groups of people. It is not uncommon for entire cities to remain lifeless.

According to scientists, in our time an influenza epidemic appears once every thirty years. It has been proven that the main danger of the virus comes down to its ability to change the structure and properties of cells. The body, faced with an altered virus, is unable to recognize it. To create new antibodies he needs certain time. And while the body is looking for a weapon, the virus attacks.