Time from autumn to spring - period colds. Is it possible to protect yourself from infections and viruses through vaccination?

Since ancient times, humanity has been faced with various infectious diseases accompanied by high mortality rate despite all the efforts of doctors. These include smallpox, cholera, typhoid fever, plague and some others.

Back in the Middle Ages, doctors began to think about how to prevent epidemics that were killing millions of people. Already in the 12th century, wound discharge from cows suffering from smallpox was used to prevent smallpox in China (cowpox is not contagious to humans). In 1796, Edward Jenner inoculated humans with cowpox and introduced the term “vaccination” (from the Latin “vacca” - cow), and in 1798 mass vaccination against smallpox began in Europe. However, the scientific foundations of immunization are developed only 100 years later thanks to the works of Louis Pasteur.

Why is vaccination needed?

So what is vaccination? To answer this question, we should briefly describe the functioning of the human immune system.

Chief Guardian of Health
The immune system is the “guard” of the human body, protecting it from foreign biological material. Recognizing foreign substances, it neutralizes them and “remembers” its response in order to reproduce it later when encountering a similar “stranger.” If there were no immune system, then all people would become easy prey for bacteria, viruses, fungi, and helminths. The slightest breeze would cause a serious infectious disease that could lead to death. This is exactly what happens in people with immunodeficiency, the immune system which does not function effectively enough. It does not matter whether they were born with an immunodeficiency or acquired it (for example, as a result of HIV infection).

What is immunity like?

One of the functions of the immune system, as already indicated, is the recognition of “self” and “foreign” biological material. With his" biological material the immune system gets acquainted in the process embryonic development, knowledge about the “alien” is inherited, like other genetic characteristics. In this case, we talk about hereditary (innate) immunity. But more often it happens that the immune system becomes familiar with “foreign” biological material through direct contact with it. Then they talk about acquired immunity; it is not inherited and is less stable than innate immunity.

How does the vaccine work?

Formation of active immunity
The effect of vaccines is based on the introduction into the body of both individual parts of infectious disease agents (proteins, polysaccharides), and whole killed or weakened living pathogenic agents, or vaccines obtained by the method genetic engineering. In this case, the body itself produces the appropriate antibodies, which allow it to quickly cope with the infection. Active immunity lasts for years (1-2 years against influenza), decades (measles), and sometimes throughout life (chickenpox).

Formation of passive immunity
Passive immunity occurs as a result of the introduction of ready-made antibodies from another person or animal into the body. It can be acquired either naturally, as from a fetus that receives maternal antibodies through the placenta, or artificially, by injecting immunoglobulins obtained from the blood serum of a person who has recovered from the disease or created by genetic engineering.

Side effect of vaccinations

Vaccination may be accompanied by adverse reactions. Among them, the most common are allergic: from minor local (redness at the injection site, itching, peeling of the skin) to severe systemic (fever, chills, a sharp decline blood pressure). The possibility of developing adverse reactions is usually associated with refusal to vaccinate.

Nowadays, instead of vaccines containing microorganisms themselves, drugs containing components of microorganisms are increasingly used. They are much less likely to cause side effects and, moreover, do not lead to the development of the disease in weakened people. The creation of such vaccines was a new stage in the development of vaccination.

Acquired immunity can be active or passive. In the first
In this case, a person needs to get over one or another illness himself.
disease or get vaccinated (get vaccinated).

Consequences of refusing vaccinations

However, despite the constant improvement of vaccination methods, some people refuse vaccinations. Some do this due to a medical “recusal”, others are guided only by their own arguments about the dangers of vaccinations.

If we are talking about the flu vaccine, then it is a personal matter for everyone to choose whether to get vaccinated or not. However, a completely different situation arises when it comes to vaccinations against polio, diphtheria, tuberculosis and other dangerous diseases, infection with which with almost 100% probability leads to disability or even death. Considering that children suffer from such infections more often and more severely, we have no right to risk their health. When vaccinated against these diseases, the likelihood of contracting them even through contact with a source of infection is reduced to almost zero.

Who is at risk from vaccinations?

Are those who refuse vaccination right? The answer to this question must be decided individually, taking into account the risk/benefit ratio.

The risk associated with vaccination increases in the following situations:

• incorrect dose of vaccine;
• incorrect choice of immunization technique;
• violation of equipment sterilization techniques;
• improper storage and transportation of the vaccine;
• vaccine contamination;
• ignoring contraindications.

The risk of adverse reactions may be reduced by pre-administration
antihistamines (subject to consultation with a doctor).

Contraindications to vaccination

Vaccination is contraindicated in the following cases:

• pregnancy;
• immunodeficiency states;
• strong reaction on previous administration of a similar vaccine (body temperature above 40 degrees Celsius);
• presence of neoplasms;
• acute illness or exacerbation chronic illness;
• carrying out immunosuppressive therapy.

In all other cases, vaccination cannot cause harm.

Legal grounds

If you nevertheless decide to refuse vaccinations, then, in accordance with Article 5 of the Federal Law of September 17, 1998 N 157-FZ “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases” (as amended on July 18, 2011), “citizens when immunoprophylactics have the right to refuse preventive vaccinations.” In accordance with the same article, “when carrying out immunoprophylaxis, citizens are obliged to writing confirm refusal of preventive vaccinations,” which may be sufficient to hand over to the doctor. After this, all questions about vaccination, as a rule, are removed.

Photos used in this material belong to shutterstock.com

Parents' concerns about whether their baby really needs vaccination from the cradle is quite natural and understandable. Moreover, medicine abdicates responsibility, giving parents the right to make their own decisions in this difficult issue. To finally make your decision, you should carefully study all the arguments for and against.

Childhood vaccination: arguments for

Please note that all the talk about the dangers of vaccinations for a child has appeared only recently, when the risk of the spread of serious epidemics is reduced to almost a minimum. Vaccination helped stop massive outbreaks of diseases that recently claimed the lives of many people.

As a result of parents' unjustified refusal to vaccinate, cases of children contracting measles, diphtheria, whooping cough and even polio have increased noticeably in Russia. However, timely vaccination would allow us to avoid such depressing statistics. First of all, you should not succumb to mass panic and take into account the compelling arguments in favor:

• Graft will protect the child from numerous viruses, developing immune bodies in his body to resist the disease.
• Mass vaccination helps avoid serious outbreaks of epidemics, but it is precisely the fragile child’s body that becomes their first victim.
• There are a huge number of unsafe bacteria “walking” in the world around us, immunity to which is possible only through vaccination.
• Despite the fact that the vaccine does not protect 100%, Vaccinated children tolerate the disease more easily.
• The threat and risk posed by disease are much greater than those posed by vaccination. Almost all vaccines have the following ratio: low risk / high benefit.
• Massive refusal to vaccinate could lead to epidemics in the future.
• Today against every disease There is a wide range of vaccines. This allows parents to analyze them and select a vaccine for their child, taking into account all the characteristics of his body, in order to reduce the risk of possible complications.

Of course, when a child is born, he already has a certain immunity, however his protective forces still too weak and unstable. Even an adult is not immune to infectious diseases. The viruses and bacteria contained in the vaccine are inactive, they are not capable of causing disease, however, they also help the body produce protective antibodies in case of illness.

A negative reaction to a vaccine is often exaggerated by parents, who sometimes mistake it for a common cold.

Are vaccinations really necessary: ​​arguments against

Nevertheless, The increasing talk about the dangers of childhood vaccinations is not at all groundless. Unfortunately, situations often occur when vaccinating a child causes best case scenario complication. Medical workers who deny the need for mass vaccination use the following arguments to defend their opinion:

• The diseases against which children are vaccinated are already do not pose a serious danger.
• In the first 1.5 years of life the baby receives an unreasonably high number of vaccinations, which is a serious stress on his immune system.
• Some vaccines, for example, the well-known DTP, contain obviously dangerous compounds that can lead to complications. Organic salt Mercury, which is the basis of many vaccines, is highly toxic even to an adult.
• No vaccine protects 100%.
• It is impossible to predict in advance the reaction of each individual organism to a specific vaccine.
• Very often complications after vaccination arise due to improper storage of the vaccine. Immediately before vaccination, each parent can ensure that the vaccine is removed from the refrigerator, but where is the guarantee that it was transported and stored before in compliance with all standards?
• Incorrect vaccine administration technique- a source of complications. Parents are unlikely to be able to control this factor on their own.
• In the conditions of modern pediatrics, when doctors insist on universal vaccination, the characteristics of each individual child are not taken into account. Children who have not only temporary, but also absolute contraindications to vaccination.
• The results of independent studies show that today the risk of post-vaccination complications has long outweighed the possibility of contracting the disease itself.
• The pharmaceutical business is one of the most profitable. Companies producing vaccines earn a lot of money; they are extremely interested in mass vaccination and hiding information about possible contraindications and risks.
• Approved and valid The vaccination calendar does not correspond to the epidemiological situation At the moment, viruses mutate and change, but vaccines against them remain the same.
• Today, experts claim an increase in children such as autism, learning disabilities, sleep and eating disorders, and impulsive aggression. There is an opinion that this trend is related specifically to vaccination. In third world countries where compulsory vaccination is not carried out, such deviations practically do not occur. No one knows what consequences universal vaccination will have in the future.

What the law says

Art. 5 of the Federal Law of September 17, 1998 N 157-FZ “On Immunoprevention of Infectious Diseases” states: “When carrying out immunoprophylaxis, citizens have the right to: receive from medical workers complete and objective information about the need for preventive vaccinations, the consequences of refusing them, possible post-vaccination complications", T.

That is, this article clearly establishes the right of citizens to receive information from a doctor about possible adverse reactions when receiving a vaccination.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 2, 1999 N 885 approves list of post-vaccination complications caused by preventive vaccinations included in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, and preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications, giving citizens the right to receive state one-time benefits, which indicate the following complications:

1. Anaphylactic shock.

2. Severe generalized allergic reactions (recurrent angioedema - Quincke's edema, syndrome Stephen-Johnson, Lyell's syndrome, serum sickness syndrome, etc.).

3. Encephalitis.

4. Vaccine-associated polio.

5. Lesions of the central nervous system with generalized or focal residual manifestations leading to disability: encephalopathy, serous meningitis, neuritis, polyneuritis, as well as clinical manifestations convulsive syndrome.

6. Generalized infection, osteitis, osteitis, osteomyelitis caused by the BCG vaccine.

7. Chronic arthritis caused by the rubella vaccine.

How often, when bringing their child for vaccination, can parents get all the truthful information about possible complications?

It would be a mistake to completely reject one or another point of view on childhood vaccination, because each of them contains a sound grain. Infant has quite weak immunity, so it is unlikely to be able to resist the disease. But it is for this same reason that it may be difficult for a baby to tolerate vaccination.

For parents to accept correct solution and don’t blame yourself later for a rash step, You should first familiarize yourself with the vaccine and its composition, find out the possibilities of complications and risks. However, one cannot ignore the seriousness of the spread of diseases and the likelihood of infection.

Despite high quality vaccines, no one company can be responsible for the individual reaction of each child. After all side effects sometimes unpredictable and parents are simply obliged, without succumbing to senseless panic, to study the effect of the drug in advance. Any vaccine is first and foremost medical drug, which has its own contraindications.

If parents agree to have their child vaccinated, they must strictly adhere to the rules of preparation for vaccination and behavior after it. To minimize a negative reaction to the vaccine, you will need:

• Use only high-quality vaccination preparations;
• Strictly follow the vaccination rules;
• Carefully review precautions and risk options based on the health of each child.

Only in this case will the child’s immune system be able to develop antibodies against a particular infection.

More details about general rules read about preparation for vaccination

In the conditions of modern pediatrics, parents are obliged to engage in self-education and make their own decisions about vaccination, because all responsibility for the health of the child lies only with the parents.

Do you vaccinate your child? Share your experience and comments.

Serious debates flare up on the topic of the benefits and harms of vaccination not only on thematic forums on the Internet. There is no consensus on this issue even among specialists. Immunologists, virologists, pediatricians stubbornly defend their point of view, citing statistical data to prove their case, citing Scientific research and publications. How can an ordinary person understand this difficult topic, vaccinate a child or hope that “maybe it will pass”, while the dangers of infections are greatly exaggerated?

The topic of refusing vaccinations became even more popular after Russian legislators made vaccination voluntary, thereby placing full responsibility for it on parents. What should those who are far from medicine do, and instead of studying the problem on their own, prefer to listen to the opinions of authoritative (or seemingly authoritative) people?

Let's try to get acquainted with the arguments for and against vaccination in this article - this will allow many to at least slightly understand the essence of the problem and form their own independent opinion.

What arguments do opponents of vaccinations give?

• It was not mass vaccination that led to a decrease in the number of epidemic cases, but an increase in living standards and improved social and living conditions;
• It is impossible to prove the effectiveness of vaccination, because vaccinated children often “catch” the infections against which they were vaccinated. This is the most complex issue, the answer to which no one can give. Meanwhile, according to opponents of vaccination, the harm of vaccinations for newborns can be considered proven;
• Vaccinations destroy the immune system, and there is no guarantee that the vaccine will protect against the real danger. From time to time, epidemics occur even in countries that are safe from an epidemiological point of view, where the percentage of vaccinated people is high;
• vaccines contain highly toxic substances: aluminum phosphate, mercury compounds, formaldehyde, phenols, acetone, animal blood components and other undesirable elements that have side effects on the body's cells;
• Most of the diseases that children are vaccinated against are not dangerous to them at all. Nothing bad will happen if the child gets sick, but a full-fledged child will be formed in the body. natural immunity to the disease. Approximately this opinion exists on forums where the 2015 flu vaccine is discussed, arguments for and against vaccination are given;
• Frequent collisions of immune cells with many viruses and bacteria lead to the death of their own blood cells. This, in turn, causes disruptions in the functioning of vital important systems;
• Enzyme deficiency and abnormal reactions of the immune system to its own cells develop. This leads to allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases and cancer;
• mass vaccinations will lead to the emergence of other, more dangerous strains pathogens. All of humanity may face new threats against which all known drugs will be powerless;
• under the influence of vaccination occurs premature aging body, children, adolescents and young adults develop diseases typical of older people;
• There is not enough data to understand how vaccinations affect genetic material. Experiments conducted on small rodents show disappointing results and harm from vaccinations over generations: animals showed deviations in reproductive function already in the fifth generation;
• The quality of vaccines is highly questionable. In Russia there is no proper control over their production, and the effect of vaccines has not been fully studied. One cannot be sure of the quality of the drug also because they know nothing about the conditions of its storage and transportation.

Arguments for vaccination

• opponents of vaccination do not provide any reliable facts to support their words. At the same time, during the period of mass vaccination, scientists have collected an extensive database, which convincingly indicates that it was thanks to vaccine prevention that dangerous infections were managed;
• the lowest mortality rate from infectious diseases was recorded in countries with a developed system of sanitary and epidemiological control, which specifically includes vaccination;
• nothing has proven that autoimmune diseases caused by preventive vaccinations;
• Vaccinations are being developed against particularly dangerous infections that lead to severe complications for the body that are not comparable to the risk of developing complications. Diphtheria, whooping cough, polio lead to disability, and very often to death of patients;
• The statistics are inexorable: diphtheria leads to death in every 20th case, pneumonia due to measles develops in every 16th sick person, in one case out of 1000 this disease causes encephalitis. Serious complications are much less common: 1 case per 1.5–2 million vaccinations, but they, nevertheless, cannot be completely excluded. Similar evidence exists for the polio vaccine: there is considerable debate for and against it, but no one disputes the severity of the disease.

What to do: vaccinate or write a refusal?

The risk of complications from vaccinations is greatly exaggerated, and their effectiveness is usually underestimated. Refusal to vaccinate leads to an increase in morbidity cases. The most striking example is when, in the early 2000s, in Western Europe and the United States, parents massively refused to vaccinate their children against measles. This in 2011 led to a powerful epidemic of this disease. It was possible to suppress it only by vigorous measures of urgent vaccine prevention.

All the above data is just food for thought. Assuming that what we read will only worsen parents’ doubts, let us give an opinion on vaccination from an authoritative pediatrician Evgeniy Komarovsky.

He literally says the following about vaccinations:

“Not only does there not exist safe vaccines, but also safe medications - every time you give your child a pill or antipyretic syrup, you are also at risk. But by not helping him, you risk disproportionately more.”

The Law “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases” and the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development speak about vaccinations only with the consent of parents. The question of whether to give this consent or not worries almost every family. The proposed polemical materials will help you weigh the pros and cons.

Opinion "for"

Let's first deal with vaccination calendar. In the first hours of life, the child is vaccinated against hepatitis B. Then, during the first week, vaccination against tuberculosis with BCG follows, at three months - against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus and polio; at 12 - from measles, rubella, mumps. A mother can refuse any vaccination: according to some data, in the capital such non-medical refusals occur up to 10%.

For hepatitis

So, the hepatitis B vaccine is given on the first day. Whether to do it or not can be decided based on the condition of the child at the time of birth. The doctor suggests vaccinating only if everything is fine with the child (good is 8–9, even 7–9 points on the Apgar scale). If the child's condition is not satisfactory, doctors will not offer vaccination or will offer it later when the baby's condition improves.

What is hepatitis B? This is a viral inflammation of the liver that is transmitted through the blood: not always modern methods studies can determine the presence of hepatitis B in the donor. Hepatitis B is a very contagious disease and can be contracted from manicure salon and when visiting a dentist, not to mention a blood transfusion - this is despite the fact that all instruments at dentists or surgeons are seriously sterilized (hundredths of milliliters of blood are enough - an amount not detectable by the eye).

The hepatitis B vaccine is a molecule synthesized through genetic engineering that exactly replicates one of the hepatitis B antigens, so there is no need to be afraid that the child will become infected with hepatitis B.
This vaccine is very necessary; you need to be vaccinated against hepatitis B. The vaccination is done according to the 0-1-6 scheme: today, a month from today, and six months from today.

There are other types of hepatitis, for example, hepatitis A, which is not prone to chronicity and is transmitted only as food poisoning: with water and food. Very often it passes under the guise of acute respiratory infections or poisoning without pronounced jaundice. I don't see the need mandatory vaccination for the prevention of hepatitis A, although such a vaccine exists. It is important for people living in countries with poor water supply, for example, in Central Asia. If we are talking about the need to reduce the vaccine load, then we should not try to get vaccinated against hepatitis A.
Nothing can protect you from hepatitis C - there is no vaccine, and fortunately, it is not so contagious.

For tuberculosis

On the 3rd–7th day of life, the newborn, also at the request of the parents, is vaccinated against tuberculosis with BCG (BCG - an abbreviation for the French “Bacillus Calmette-Guerin”). This live vaccine- that is, a living, but greatly weakened microorganism of the BCG strain. It is believed that introducing a child to such a weakened microbe in the future makes it safer and easier to become acquainted with the real tuberculosis microbacterium. There are strict indications and contraindications for this vaccination.

To whom in maternity hospital it is not done: to premature, weakened children, children with diagnosed congenital defect heart and for a number of other contraindications.
But if the child’s health does not cause concern, it seems unreasonable to me to refuse BCG - and here’s why. Tuberculosis is a very dangerous disease, it is transmitted by airborne droplets. The sooner you get vaccinated, the better: we only have immunity to tuberculosis if we have the pathogen.

It is important to understand that tuberculosis is widespread in our country - a little more widespread than in many European countries. And it has to do with what exists different sensitivity to diseases in different ethnic groups. Our ethnically diverse population is thought to be highly susceptible to tuberculosis. For example, the population of Indians of North and South America during the Conquest, unlike Europeans, was extremely sensitive to childhood infections - measles and chicken pox.

If there are no contraindications, I would still recommend it. Another thing is with the Mantoux reaction. This is not a vaccination, but only a test of the reactivity of immunity to the microbacterium tuberculosis. In this case, enter foreign protein- tuberculin, close to that produced during tuberculosis. For some reason, everyone is very afraid of a positive Mantoux reaction, and such a reaction of fear in a pediatrician is excessive. Prescribing further preventive treatment for tuberculosis is sometimes also unnecessary: ​​if the child is healthy, if no one in the family suffers from tuberculosis, there is absolutely no need to support the child with chemotherapy at the first contact with the tuberculosis microbacterium. In addition, a positive Mantoux reaction also occurs when helminthic infestation(infection) or when the child is prone to allergic reactions.

From the point of view of reducing the burden on the child of foreign vaccines or vaccine-like drugs, the reaction of some parents who refrain from the Mantoux reaction may be justified.

DTP

The vaccine calendar also includes DTP - vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. Parents often object to these vaccinations, saying that such infections no longer exist and there is no need to be vaccinated, which is a big misconception. These diseases are quite common; for example, whooping cough can be transmitted from parent to child. Vaccination with DTP (Tetrakok, Infanrix) is three times and is carried out at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months. This is followed by one revaccination at 18 months. If a child begins to be vaccinated not at 3 months, but later, then vaccines containing the pertussis component are administered to him three times with an interval of 1.5 months, and the fourth time - a year after the third administration. Subsequent age-related revaccinations in our country are provided only against diphtheria and tetanus and are carried out at 7, 14 and then every 10 years throughout life.

Let me note that the current vaccination calendar was planned many years ago, when there were no antibiotics against diphtheria and whooping cough that we have today, and in order to get tetanus, you need a very serious rotting wound surface, and if someone gets massively injured, then they administer tetanus antoxin anyway! So if a child has an allergic mood, poor health indicators, or parents are generally worried about vaccination, then you can safely refuse DPT!

But if people live in conditions where there is no constant monitoring of the child by a pediatrician, if there is no clinic nearby, then better than a child vaccinate!
Regarding the dangers of preservatives present in this vaccine, I can say that, of course, they exist, and not to say that this is good. I don’t presume to make a judgment about quality domestic vaccines, although I myself prefer foreign vaccines: it is believed that they contain fewer preservatives and other additional substances and, accordingly, are better tolerated by the child, causing fewer post-vaccination complications.

From polio

It is imperative to be vaccinated against polio! Previously, the live vaccine was administered in the form of drops through the mouth. And in extremely weakened children, if vaccination was done without taking into account contraindications, vaccine-associated poliomyelitis could occur. It is because of this that this vaccine was replaced with a different type. Now people are vaccinated against polio by intramuscular injection, which no longer contains living components of the virus, and immunity against this disease is not formed due to the live virus. And if previously an unvaccinated child received, sooner or later, contact with a weakened virus: after all, if half a group of children in a kindergarten, for example, were vaccinated, everyone received this contact due to non-compliance with personal hygiene rules, but now this is not the case. The intramuscular vaccine provides immunity against the virus, but children do not come into contact with the virus itself. Many people mistakenly believe that polio is a legacy of the past, but this is not the case. It exists, for example, in Tajikistan, and is transmitted as a food poisoning - this suggests the possibility of infection through products purchased, for example, at the market.

Under no circumstances should you refuse this vaccination: it is vitally important, because having polio means disability for life. Polio vaccination is carried out three times during the first year of life, the first vaccination at 3 months.

For measles, rubella, mumps

At one year of age, the child receives a triple live vaccine against measles, rubella, and mumps. And leave this vaccine even if you decide to refuse vaccination. Measles is such a severe childhood disease that it was figuratively called the childhood plague in the past. This disease has a very high mortality rate. In addition, measles extremely weakens the immune system: after it, for a year or two, the child is not in shape, all sorts of rubbish clings to him, for example, after measles, the percentage of non-obstructive bronchitis and pneumonia is extremely high.

Mumps (mumps) is also a terrible disease: a complication of mumps is inflammation of many glands, in particular the ovaries and testes. Boys may experience infertility as a result of the disease. This is less pronounced in girls, but they may also have inflammation of the ovaries, which is further associated with the fact that the follicular reservoir is depleted early and the ovaries do not work as long as they should.

Rubella. Although it is extremely mild in children, it is important to have immunity from it before reaching childbearing age, because rubella during pregnancy can lead to fetal deformity. This may at first seem irrelevant for boys, but if a man gets rubella while his wife is pregnant, he can infect her with rubella, so it is necessary that both husband and wife have immunity to this disease. Previously, when there was no vaccine, in many European countries, I don’t know how it was in our country, they organized “rubella parties” for children. If a child in the area fell ill with rubella, then everyone was called together, there were treats, games - so that everyone would get sick. The chance that a child will encounter rubella throughout his life is very high, and according to the law of meanness, this happens to women during pregnancy. To prevent this from happening, they came up with a triple vaccine - against measles, rubella and mumps.

The question remains how durable immunity is after vaccination - some experts argue that by vaccinating a child a year, we leave him defenseless against rubella at an older age. Revaccination is usually given at school at age 15.

Children who have any chronic diseases, suffer from allergies or have a weakened immune system require an individual approach. For them, a consultation with an immunologist or medical specialist is recommended, but, in any case, vaccination is also necessary for such children.

Of course, it would be better to look at a clinical blood test, which, by the way, almost no one does, they vaccinate everyone! - and this is still a live vaccine, but if there is no way to get tested, then in the absence of contraindications - the child is healthy and has not been sick for last month, does not have an exacerbation of chronic diseases at the time of injection, children 13–15 years old can be safely vaccinated. The years will pass unnoticed, and childbearing age will come very soon, it is better to take care of this before the age of 15. After this, immunity is believed to last for life, there is a lot of evidence for this.

I understand that sometimes a vaccine is what the companies that produce it want to make money on. A fire is fanned around an absolutely insignificant reason. It is impossible to vaccinate a child against everything for which vaccines exist without harming his health. In addition, there are no contraindications to getting sick healthy child, for example, the flu: in ten to twenty years the same virus will return, and the person will already have a strong immunity to it. Let the child get sick, because during illness he grows as a person and begins to understand a lot about himself.

Some parents try to vaccinate their child against everything; for some reason it seems to them that then everything will be fine with their child. We don't have such a guarantee! As the Lord decides, so it will be: if this is His plan, what should happen will happen, and in general, if you want to make God laugh, tell Him about your plans. Well, you can’t put straws everywhere!

It is widely believed that there is a general weakening of immunity due to vaccinations. I would say that linking a decrease in immunity with vaccination can only be done at the level of intuition. In fact, there are no such studies - they are impossible to organize: there are no comparable groups of children with the same health indicators, living in the same conditions, with the same eating style, etc. You can find many explanations for the decline in immunity in subsequent generations, and when there are many of them, as a rule, the true reason is not known.

So, for example, in the old days many children were born into families, but the population did not grow much: there was a high infant mortality rate, and those who survived both childbirth (at that time it was a huge risk) and a childhood infection were strong. Now everyone survives in our country - and this is the happiness of a particular family at the expense of the health of the entire population. For better or worse, we cannot help but treat children for scarlet fever. Natural selection does not work in the population beyond the first trimester: in the first trimester there are pregnancy losses, in the second there are few, and in the third, during childbirth, there are almost none, this rare case mortality during childbirth.

Further, the eating style has changed. It must be said that there are a lot of different bacteria in our intestines, and we do not live with them separately, but in symbiosis, like a tree and a mushroom: the bacteria we feed live there. And if we eat a lot of sweets, we weaken good bacteria, dysbiosis develops in the intestines, which causes many links in our immunity to become short-circuited. So, in terms of consumption of sweets, the eating style has changed dramatically: if a hundred years ago sweets were a holiday food, and the average European ate 3.5 - 4 kg of sugar per year, now - almost 20 times more: somewhere around 60 kg sugar, including sugar-sweetened drinks dairy products and so on. - sugar everywhere! Many people's daily diet now includes recreational eating: we are not hungry, but we have fun by eating sweets, food has become a pleasure.

And the fact that the diet has become many times more sweet affects the condition gastrointestinal tract, on the condition of the skin, for example, “aged” acne. If earlier this was a pathology for 12–17 year olds, now we are offered a lot of cosmetics for aging skin that is prone to acne - acne occurs in women of fifty years of age. This is not due to changes in hormonal status - stop eating sweets, treat intestinal dysbiosis, the skin will become better.

And this also applies to immunity.

There are a lot of myths among supporters and opponents of vaccinations regarding vaccinations. As soon as a complication arises, they shout that vaccinations are genocide, that officials want the population to be unhealthy. It doesn’t seem to me that anyone is specifically vaccinating weakened children, but in our country, as in any other, anything in the world can happen: if street cleaners don’t work well, then it’s strange to expect that everything will be in other areas ok, we have chaos everywhere! The problem of the modern doctor, his callousness, often hard-heartedness, lack of an individual approach is the problem of society as a whole, which has lost Christian ideals, and not of immunology and privisia.

The other side is shouting that everyone needs to be vaccinated. Arguments on both sides are both scientific and quasi-scientific.

Unconditional acceptance of all possible vaccines is one extreme: we cannot ensure that everything in a child’s life is good through vaccination; there will always be a certain risk. There is another extreme: “Let’s not vaccinate against anything, the whole world is living wrong, we need to return to nature.”

Having heard about possible complications, some parents try to “protect” their children from vaccinations, believing that the disease will bypass them: “Let others get vaccinated, and we will be marzipans who will skim the cream off this!” The position is a little rotten: after all, vaccination works when everyone is vaccinated. It is one thing when they do not vaccinate children who have contraindications, or when they do not trust vaccination; it is another thing when they believe that the child will not encounter an infection. There is an old Gabrovo joke: in one village, due to lack of money, the teacher and he agreed to pay for school with rakia (vodka) - two buckets from each yard. When they poured everything into one barrel and tried it, it turned out to be water, everyone thought that they had two buckets of water good vodka won't spoil it! So that we don’t end up in this situation with vaccinations, we want our child to be protected from infection, but by someone else’s hands, let others get vaccinated, then the virus won’t reach my child! Although there should be a moment of healthy suspicion: did they approach my child individually enough, did they think about the fact that he might have complications, did they think about contraindications.

Parents, of course, need to read literature, they need to be informed, but it is difficult to make a decision on their own - this requires medical education. First of all, I advise you to find a pediatrician and trust him: the specialist has specific knowledge that the patient does not possess.

I do not undertake to criticize anyone: everyone has the right to their opinion, after all, this is not such a fundamental point as giving birth at home or in a hospital. You can be vaccinated against nothing, you can be vaccinated against everything - only God knows what will happen to you!

Opinion "against"

Medicine and the healthcare system experienced a real “revolution” in the 20th century. Scientists have managed to significantly reduce infant and maternal mortality rates and have achieved significant success in recognizing diseases, understanding pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. However, despite the colossal successes and discoveries, doctors state that last years The health of the population has deteriorated, modern children get sick more often than their peers fifty years ago. Some pediatricians even claim that it is normal for a preschooler to have ARVI 8–10 times a year, and call for protecting children through vaccination. And particularly active officials and doctors insist on the introduction of mandatory universal vaccination. However, one can increasingly hear an alternative opinion from doctors that universal vaccination actually contributes to the deterioration of the health of children and adults.

Full coverage

Every autumn and spring, materials appear in the media about important role vaccination, there is extensive campaigning for vaccinations, and in particular against influenza. For these purposes, the state allocates impressive cash. Thus, in 2009, an additional 4 billion rubles were spent from the budget on the purchase of vaccines against swine flu.

They talk not only about the harmlessness of vaccinations, but about their urgent, vital necessity. Some Russian pediatricians are advocating for the expansion of the National Vaccination Calendar, for the inclusion of new vaccinations: against pneumococcal infection, against Hib infection (hemophilus type B) and chickenpox. At the same time, the list of contraindications is greatly narrowed. Many leading doctors speak out in favor of introducing mandatory vaccination for all citizens. The opinion on the advisability of active propaganda of vaccinations is shared by the head of Rospotrebnadzor, the chief state sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation, Gennady Onishchenko. More recently, in May 2010, Mr. Onishchenko spoke in the media with a call to vaccinate 5,526 Moscow children aged 3 months to 15 years against polio, whose parents had written a refusal to undergo vaccination at their own request or for medical reasons. Mr. Onishchenko supported his opinion with the statement that parents greatly risk the life and health of the child by refusing vaccination: “We need to fight this and urgently carry out explanatory work. It's irresponsible."

In another interview, the chief sanitary doctor recalled with nostalgia that “several decades ago, Soviet citizens did not need to be convinced of the need for vaccinations. It was obvious to everyone, since everyone remembered sad examples of people dying from infectious diseases.”

Indeed, today more and more parents are refusing vaccinations. Although sometimes it can be difficult to defend your point of view and the unconditional right to refuse, enshrined in Articles 5 and 11 of the law “On Immunoprevention of Infectious Diseases” and the order of the Minister of Health and Social Development Tatyana Golikova of 2009 on vaccinations only with parental consent. Just read parenting forums, where moms and dads share what difficulties they had to face when refraining from vaccination, about strong pressure from medical workers, about the difficulties of placing an unvaccinated child in kindergarten and school.

Nevertheless, the number of parents signing a waiver is growing, which local pediatricians also complain about. Doctor of Biological Sciences, virologist Galina Petrovna Chervonskaya spoke about this on March 16, 2010 at the round table “Vaccine prevention - a free informed choice”, held in the Public Chamber. The professor cited statistical data on the growing wave of refusals to vaccinate. Thus, in the maternity hospital at City Clinical Hospital No. 7 in Moscow in 2005, 56 written refusals from BCG and 88 from hepatitis B were registered, and in 2007 there were already 108 and 270, respectively.

Often, parents’ refusals prompt doctors at district clinics to act more persistently, persuade, and sometimes intimidate. According to the doctor medical sciences, professor, pediatrician Larisa Grigorievna Kuzmenko, the problem lies in the fact that “for violation of the vaccination schedule, for refusal of parents, local doctors are punished financially: they are not paid bonuses, they are deprived of others material benefits».

"Little" troubles

It is generally not very common to talk about complications due to vaccinations. And although the doctor is obliged to inform parents about possible side effects and tell them in detail about the composition of vaccines, in most cases doctors do not go into detail. Of course, when a local pediatrician has 800 people, it is not easy to work individually with each child, but vaccine prevention is a serious, vital important question, sometimes determining the fate of the baby.

Thus, Larisa Kuzmenko, who worked for nineteen years at the Morozov Children’s City clinical hospital Moscow, in the department for young children, and now heading the Department of Children's Diseases of the People's Friendship University of Russia, noted that there are not only local and general negative reactions to vaccines that occur immediately after vaccination in the coming days and weeks, but also delayed complications, the consequences of which can be extremely difficult. “Among the diseases in children, we know acute leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, diffuse diseases connective tissue: systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, - shared Larisa Kuzmenko. - When a patient comes to us with one of the listed diseases, we collect anamnesis, and in a number of children we clearly identify indications that 2 - 8 weeks before the onset of a difficult to cure (and sometimes incurable) illness, he was administered one or another vaccine "

However, parents will not hear such sad facts from local doctors. But rather, they will be assured that the most terrible reaction to vaccination will be an increase in temperature within one or two days, which, of course, cannot be compared with the danger of the diseases against which vaccine prevention is carried out. “It’s no secret that vaccines sometimes cause adverse reactions, writes the manager. department of the clinic at the Moscow Children's Clinical Hospital No. 13 named after. N. F. Filatova Irina Zayanchkovskaya. - Some children experience redness, itching or soreness at the vaccination site, and sometimes a fever. “All this goes away quickly, so parents should not be afraid of vaccination.” This lulls the vigilance of particularly curious fathers and mothers who are trying to understand the situation and understand what the injection could mean. Doctors do not provide data in their articles aimed at parents that after vaccination a child may develop severe illnesses; they do not say that, according to Russian official statistics, about 400 cases of post-vaccination complications from vaccinations are registered annually. And this is only according to official data! Because it is extremely difficult to record and prove that the disease is caused by vaccination.

In many Western countries They stopped doing BCG a long time ago, but in our country they do it right in the maternity hospital, often without even asking the parents’ permission. Again, doctors assure that BCG is safe. At the same time, in April 2006, the All-Russian scientific-practical conference“Current issues of detection, diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis”, where the report of the Department of Surgery of Bone Tuberculosis of the said institute presented the case histories of 850 children who received after BCG vaccinations osteoarticular tuberculosis.

Nor are parents told that, according to a 1992 study published in The American Journal of Epidemiology, infant mortality within 3 days of DTP vaccinations- 8 times higher than in children who did not receive the vaccine. And according to a preliminary study from the US Centers for Disease Control (Center for Disease Control), children who received the Hib vaccine have a 5 times greater risk of contracting Haemophilus influenzae than those who were not vaccinated. Why, without informing the population about problems of this kind and about scientific data, do they want to introduce this vaccination in addition to the general calendar?

However, practice shows that, even with negative results vaccination, doctors still continue to implement the plan. Just read the excerpt from the letter Federal service on supervision in the field of protection of consumer rights and human well-being dated June 27, 2005 No. 0100/4853-05-32 “On the results of mass immunization of the population of the Russian Federation against diphtheria in 2004,” which says:
“...As in previous years, vaccinated people predominate among the sick. The percentage of vaccinated adults was 68.4%, children - 83.2%...” After this letter, vaccination against diphtheria, naturally, did not stop.

Double punch

Parents are convinced that vaccination will help protect their children from terrible diseases, that vaccinations increase immunity. However, the facts and research accumulated over the past decades convincingly show otherwise. “Any vaccine causes a negative effect,” says Galina Borisovna Kirillicheva, an immunologist, candidate of medical sciences, who has been researching for 30 years at the State Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamaleya vaccines and immunomodulators. - It has been experimentally proven that vaccines reduce immune resistance to weak and moderate effects and increase sensitivity to all harmful factors" According to Galina Borisovna, vaccines cause both a specific effect and nonspecific adaptive reactions, including failure of adaptation. “American experts write that we have exchanged diphtheria and whooping cough for leukemia and oncology. There is domestic and American experimental data that there may be disturbances in both reproductive functions and obligatory changes in the nervous system,” Galina Borisovna noted in her report at the round table at the Public Chamber.

About the effect of vaccinations on reproductive function Vaccinated children have long been said by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Raisa Sadykovna Amandzholova from Kazakhstan, who worked with women prone to pathological pregnancy and childbirth. After many years of observations of patients and accumulated material, together with the staff of her scientific department, the professor conducted scientific experiments over rabbits that were injected BCG vaccines, DPT, ADS, AS, included in the compulsory vaccination calendar. In the fifth generation, not a single experimental animal lived to see reproductive age. In the remaining four, 75% of the offspring died, which is seven times more than in the control group. The survivors had disrupted behavioral reactions: young males injured each other, used to connect to mating games, and as adults, they lost the ability to cover female rabbits. Almost half of the covered females did not become pregnant.

However, vaccinations, as it turns out, affect not only reproductive function, but also the psyche. “Studies have been carried out abroad that have shown that almost the main regulators of neurotransmitter systems that play a major role in the pathogenesis mental disorders, are disorders of T-cell immunity. Cellular immunity suffers the most during vaccinations, since the virus, even weakened, suppresses T-cell immunity. Sharply reduces the production of interferons, the activity of natural killer cells, and reduces the level of phagocytosis. It turns out that factors of nonspecific immunity are endogenous regulators of key neurotransmitter systems that underlie schizophrenia,” said a biochemist, candidate of biological sciences, and head of the laboratory at the round table Science Center mental health RAMS Oleg Sergeevich Brusov.

And Galina Vyacheslavovna Kozlovskaya added that in recent years there has been a sharp increase mental illnesses, primarily autism. The professor cited data showing that if earlier autism occurred in one or two cases per 10,000, today it occurs in 20-30 cases per 10,000. An increase in the number of autistic children is observed not only in our country, but also in other countries . Thus, in the United States, publications about a real “autism epidemic” in the world are increasingly appearing.

Autism was first described in 1942 and isolated from schizotypal disorders as a separate disease, and a few years earlier, in 1938, temirosal (ethyl mercury) appeared in vaccinations. Many American scientists - Woods, Heylin, Brastreet, Adamson - who studied early childhood autism, found that there was virtually no difference between mercury poisoning and symptoms of childhood autism.

The child is injected with mercury in the first 3 hours of life - it is contained in the hepatitis B vaccine. Once in the body, temirosal disrupts the synthesis of heme, which is responsible for the production of hemoglobin, and the production of bile. Interestingly, girls suffer from autism 4 times less often than boys, since estrogen helps eliminate mercury from the body, and testosterone, on the contrary, increases intoxication many times over. It is possible to detect thimirosal in the body only within a few weeks, after which tests are pointless, which is why many parents are rebuffed when they refer to the vaccine.

According to Oleg Sergeevich Brusov, autism is not a mental illness, but an immune disorder. Works and studies by American scientists have been published about this for a long time, and treatment based on this method has been successfully carried out in the West. full recovery intestines and hilation therapy - cleansing the body of mercury.

Best protection

Today, many children suffer from poor health; most young townspeople can be classified as “frequently ill children.” IN Soviet time This characteristic served as a reason for medical exclusion from vaccinations. However, today you can hear Opposite opinion that weakened children should be vaccinated first. However, according to Galina Petrovna Chervonskaya, such statements are a real crime, because children with reduced immunity almost always develop negative reactions and complications. The child’s immunity is already weak, and vaccinations cause even more damage to him.

Children of the first year of life deserve special attention, since even in children born at term, their own synthesis of protective immunoglobulins of class G begins only from 3 months of age. In addition, a number of children have a “late start”, so vaccination before 12 months is strictly not recommended, since not only does the risk increase side effects, but the possibility of developing an adequate response to the vaccine is also significantly reduced.
However, whether or not to vaccinate a child is the parents’ decision. However, it should be recalled that adults often trust doctors without trying to understand the essence of the procedures being carried out. medical manipulations, but it’s worth getting full information, when it comes to health, especially - small child. So, for example, many parents are afraid of polio, since pediatricians in clinics insist that the disease almost always leads to paralysis. But it's enough to look medical literature to find out that 95% of those infected natural virus polio will not show any symptoms, even in an epidemic. About 5% of those infected will develop mild symptoms: Sore throat, neck stiffness, headache and fever, often mistaken for a cold or flu. Such symptoms disappear without a trace within 72 hours. And only one sick person out of 1000 (and this disease is rare) may experience paralysis, which almost always passes without a trace.

Interestingly, studies have shown that injections (of antibiotics or vaccines) increase susceptibility to polio. A 1992 study published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases found that children who received injections of the DPT (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus) vaccine were significantly more susceptible than usual to paralytic forms polio for the next thirty days. According to the authors, "this study confirms that injection is one of the main factors causing polio." Also in 1992, the CDC published a proposal that live vaccine virus had become the leading cause of polio in the United States. In fact, based on the Center's data, all cases of polio in the United States since 1979 have been the result of oral polio vaccine. An independent review of government vaccination databases over a recent period of less than five years uncovered 13,641 reports of adverse reactions to the oral polio vaccine. Among them, there were 6,364 visits to hospital emergency departments and 540 deaths.

Other diseases and vaccines can be subjected to similar analysis and study of data. And this is one of the important parental tasks. After all, it is not the doctors who will subsequently be responsible for the baby’s health, but the father and mother. The choice must be responsible and thoughtful, since today everyone has access to information.

Parents often wonder whether their child should be vaccinated or whether it is better to refuse vaccination. Vaccinations act against dangerous diseases, which in some cases result in disability. Vaccination is carried out to develop immunity to a specific disease. It is important to correctly assess how great the risk of refusing an injection is, and to understand that adverse reactions from vaccination may cause less harm than the consequences of the disease itself.

In addition, sending a child to a preschool without a certificate of vaccinations is very problematic. By the time you enter kindergarten, it is advisable to have all the required vaccinations.

Why is vaccination carried out, is it mandatory?

Immunity protects the body from pathological microbes and viruses coming from the outside. There are innate and acquired (adaptive) immunity:

• Congenital is formed in the embryonic state and is hereditary in nature. It is responsible for the immunity of the child’s body to a specific type of virus.
• Adaptive immunity develops as a child develops throughout life. The immune system is rebuilt, adapts to new viruses and protects a person from them.

The immune system recognizes the virus that has entered the body, and antibodies are produced that intensively multiply and absorb the viral cell, killing it. After such a fight, several antibodies remain in the body. These are “memory cells” that instantly multiply and are activated if the virus re-enters the bloodstream. Thanks to “memory cells,” the child does not get sick a second time; he has already developed adaptive immunity. Vaccination is aimed at developing acquired immunity in a person.

There are live (a weakened virus is injected) and inactivated (a dead virus is injected) vaccines. After both procedures, the mechanism for the development of “memory cells” is launched, which in the future protect the baby from illness. When using inactivated vaccines, complications are excluded, because The child is injected with a dead virus. After live vaccines, the baby may develop a mild form of the disease, which will help avoid severe disease in the future.

In Soviet times, childhood vaccination was mandatory, and the question of choice was not so pressing. Nowadays, children are vaccinated with the written consent of their parents, and they have the right to refuse the procedure. At the same time, parents take responsibility for the risks associated with the likelihood of the baby becoming infected - the child will not have adaptive immunity to the virus.

List of vaccinations for children of different ages

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There is a vaccination calendar according to which children are vaccinated (more details in the article:). However, strict adherence to all deadlines is not always possible. After a child has had a cold, it should go away certain time before your pediatrician allows you to get vaccinated. Due to this, the dates indicated in the calendar may vary. However, if the plan is revaccination (re-vaccination to consolidate acquired immunity), then you should not delay the timing.

When revaccinating, it is important to strictly observe the time between vaccinations, otherwise these procedures may be useless.

Age	Name of vaccination	Serial number of vaccination
1 day	Hepatitis B	1
3-7 day	BCG (against tuberculosis)	1
1 month	Hepatitis B	2
3 months	DTP (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus)/ poliomyelitis/ pneumococcal infection	1/ 1/ 1
4 months	DTP (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus)/ poliomyelitis/ pneumococcal infection/ hemophilia (children at risk) (we recommend reading:)	2/ 2/ 2/ 1
6 months	DTP (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus)/ poliomyelitis/ hepatitis B/ hemophilia (children at risk) (we recommend reading:)	3/ 3/ 3/ 2
12 months	Measles, rubella, mumps	1
6 years	Measles, rubella, mumps (more details in the article:)	2
7 years	Mantoux (see also:)	2

A special place is occupied by the annual flu vaccination, which can be given to children over 6 months of age. At the height of the epidemic, the risk of catching the virus is very high, especially among children attending kindergarten and school. Flu can cause complications internal organs and the musculoskeletal system. In general, seasonal influenza vaccination is voluntary, but highly desirable. This vaccination must be done in advance. In the midst of an epidemic, there is no point in getting vaccinated. When do doctors recommend influenza vaccination? It is optimal to administer the vaccine 3-4 weeks before the outbreak of the epidemic.

Children attending kindergartens and schools are recommended to receive an annual flu vaccination

Another actual question- Is it possible to vaccinate a child with minor cold symptoms? No, it is important to vaccinate only a fully grown baby after a thorough examination by a pediatrician.

Typical reactions to vaccination

After vaccination, certain reactions may occur that are acceptable: redness and swelling of the injection site, fever, headache, general malaise, capriciousness. These symptoms disappear within 2 days. The most severe side effects are noted after DPT vaccinations: the temperature can rise to 39ºС and last up to 3 days. The baby should be given antipyretic drugs (Nurofen, Calpol, Tsefekon suppositories) and ensure him rest.

What medications can be given for redness and itching? Best help antihistamine drops Zyrtec, Fenistil, Suprastin.

Arguments for vaccination

Vaccinations protect children from many diseases that are not prophylactic drugs. Vaccination is the only possible way prevent your baby from contracting whooping cough, tetanus, polio, and tuberculosis.

According to experts, vaccination does not provide 100% protection against the disease, but it significantly reduces the risk of infection. A vaccinated child, if he gets sick, will survive the disease much easier, without dangerous complications.

Some vaccines provide active protection in the first years after the vaccine is administered, and then their effect decreases. For example, adaptive immunity against whooping cough disappears as the child grows. However, it is dangerous to get whooping cough before the age of 4 years. At this age, the disease threatens the baby with rupture of blood vessels and severe pneumonia. Only a vaccination done according to plan (at 3, 4 and 6 months) will protect the child from a terrible infection.

Arguments in favor of vaccination:

• formation of adaptive (acquired) immunity against pathogens of dangerous and fatal diseases;
• mass vaccinations make it possible to suppress outbreaks of viral infections and prevent the development of epidemics of measles, rubella, mumps, polio, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and many other diseases that can result in a child’s disability;
• an unvaccinated child is faced with unspoken “barriers” when entering kindergarten or traveling to a suburban summer camp- registration of a child in any institution, including school, requires a vaccination certificate and an immunization card;
• Vaccinations for children under one year of age and older are carried out under supervision medical personnel who is responsible for this.

It is also important to get vaccinated absolutely healthy person. After suffering from acute respiratory viral infections, you should maintain an interval of 2 weeks and properly prepare the baby for the administration of the vaccine. Revaccination (re-immunization) must be carried out within strictly established periods. These simple rules will allow you to achieve maximum effect with a minimum of side effects.

Before vaccination, you must make sure that the child is completely healthy

Arguments against"

Many parents believe that newborn babies do not need to be vaccinated, because they already have innate immunity, and chemical vaccine preparations will destroy it. However, the effect of preventive vaccinations is aimed at developing and strengthening adaptive immunity, and they do not affect the innate in any way. Therefore, understanding the principle of operation of the immune system, we can safely refute this argument.

Anti-vaxxers cite side effects and possible complications. In some cases, newborns develop redness and suppuration at the injection site, allergic reactions, fever - this is the body’s response to the introduced strains of viruses, which is acceptable norm. Serious complications occur extremely rarely and are caused by a violation of the vaccination technique, poor quality of the medicine, or violation of its storage conditions.

The greatest danger is posed by complications due to individual intolerance to the drug. It is almost impossible to predict such complications.

Why you can’t give preventative injections for serious illnesses? Parents give a lot of arguments in favor of refusal:

• the effectiveness of vaccines has not been fully proven;
• newborns are not given a full medical examination;
• the immune response in a newborn is very weak (especially in the first week, when the 2 main vaccinations are given - BCG and hepatitis), so vaccination does not give the desired effect and will only cause harm;
• diseases are easily tolerated in children early age and don't have severe consequences(rubella, measles) - this opinion of parents is wrong;
• the percentage of complications after vaccination is high, there is no individual approach to each child;
• inadequate quality of vaccines, unknown manufacturers, irresponsible approach of medical personnel to the storage of drugs.

Doctor Komarovsky's opinion

Do you need to have your children vaccinated? The famous doctor Komarovsky answers this question in great detail. In his opinion, after any vaccination there remains a small chance of getting sick. However, the outcome of the disease will not be so dire, and the baby will suffer the disease in mild form. The main thing is to follow a specific schedule, which can be drawn up individually, taking into account the characteristics of the child’s body.

Famous pediatrician E. O. Komarovsky is of the opinion that vaccination is a highly effective way to protect children from dangerous infectious diseases

In order for the immune system to respond correctly to the vaccine and be able to produce the required amount of antibodies, the baby must be completely healthy. What points should parents take into account? Komarovsky gives some useful tips:

• do not experiment with new foods, do not introduce complementary foods several days before vaccination;
• keep the child on a diet for a day before vaccination so as not to overload the digestive tract;
• do not eat food one hour before and one hour after vaccination;
• ensure proper drinking regime in the amount of 1-1.5 liters of water per day to flush toxins from the vaccine from the body;
• After vaccination, you should not visit crowded places, avoid being in the scorching sun and beware of drafts.

Possible consequences of refusing vaccinations

Refusal to vaccinate risks possible serious illnesses throughout your life. The child will come into contact with other children, attend children's institutions and public events, and if a carrier of the disease is present nearby, he will certainly become infected. The consequences of diseases, which can only be protected from with the help of professional vaccinations, can be extremely severe, up to fatal outcome. If an unvaccinated baby becomes ill, he will spread the disease and infect other members of his family. However, parents have the right to refuse vaccinations by signing the appropriate documents in advance.