Day 7 of the menstrual cycle, which phase. Phases of the menstrual cycle and female sex hormones. What prevents a woman from aging

Every representative of the fair sex has to deal with the phases of her every month. menstrual cycle, with its own characteristics and characteristic symptoms. These phases are significant stages that are responsible for reproductive function female body. Duration and character menstrual phases are more individual, but the basics and order of their occurrence remain unchanged and have their corresponding names. This whole significant process is cyclical, and begins with the arrival of menstrual bleeding, which is considered to be the first of three phases menstrual cycle.

Any girl or woman in the age range from puberty to menopause must understand the work of her body and understand the purpose of all three phases of the menstrual cycle. With this knowledge you can easily calculate favorable period to conceive a child or, on the contrary, to protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy and some health problems.

Main phases of the cycle

Every month, with regular cyclicity, three alternating phases of the menstrual cycle occur in a woman’s body. They are characterized by a logical sequence and serve one purpose big goal– creating favorable conditions for fertilization of the egg and procreation. The menstrual cycle is divided into three main phases:

• Follicular (first phase);
• Ovulation (second phase);
• Luteal (third phase).

These stages perform the functions based on their name. These phases are based hormonal regulation, which promotes the process and controls its outcome. The beginning of the menstrual cycle is the beginning of the very first phase - the follicular one, which is what gives rise to such an important process as education and.

The first is the follicular phase

The initial phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by intensive growth of follicles and the formation of eggs in them. The first day of menstruation marks the start of a new follicular phase of the cycle and intensive production of follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogen begins. IN this period There is a growth of follicles, which a little later will become a container and a place for maturation of the egg.

Estrogen provides support to the follicles and this continues for about 7 days, until one of the follicular vesicles reaches the necessary parameters for the maturation of the egg in it. Further growth is focused only on the egg, and the “extra” follicles stop functioning. High concentration estrogen gives a signal to begin the production of luteinizing hormone, which, in turn, prepares for future ovulation. The duration of the first phase is individual for each woman, but it should not exceed 20 days.

The second phase is ovulation

The second phase of the menstrual cycle is quite short, but at the same time very significant. Ovulation is the achievement for which the menstrual cycle actually exists. It is intended for the possibility of fertilization and the realization of the main purpose of a woman - procreation. The ability and possibility of fertilization is possible within just 48 hours, and sometimes less. During this short period of 2 days, the woman’s reproductive system faces a responsible task, and if fertilization does not occur, the egg dies.

An increased concentration of luteinizing hormone promotes enhanced maturation and subsequent release of the egg from the follicle. Under its influence occur important processes, ensuring the preparation of the endometrial walls. When the egg reaches full maturity and is ready for fertilization, the follicular vesicle ruptures and a full-fledged egg is released into the fallopian tube for fusion with sperm. In the cavity of the ruptured follicle begins intensive growth corpus luteum, which, in turn, intensively produces progesterone and provides favorable conditions for successful fertilization and implantation of the fertilized ovum into the wall of the uterus. Next cycle may have 2 outcomes, depending on whether fertilization occurred or not.

The third phase is the luteal phase

The development of the third phase of the menstrual cycle can occur in two scenarios: with a fertilized egg or if fertilization has not occurred. This time Special attention is given to the resulting corpus luteum. It is, in case successful conception, actively produces luteal hormone, which supports and nourishes the fertilized egg until the placenta is formed. Due to the importance of the purpose of this hormone, the third phase has its characteristic name - luteal. Together with the luteal hormone, active production of progesterone continues during this period, which also takes an active part in supporting the fertilized egg. Ultimately harmonious and mutually beneficial development female hormones provides complete preparation for fertilization, fusion, and subsequent nutrition and protection of the already fertilized fertilized egg.

If fertilization still does not occur, the corpus luteum stops its development and atrophies. The prepared, loosened mucous membrane of the uterus and the dead egg are rejected and come out in the form of menstrual bleeding, which, in turn, already means the beginning of a new, first phase and the entire described process is repeated anew.

Read also Instructions for use of NuvaRing: effect on menstruation

Cycle phases by day

The phases of the menstrual cycle by day are conventionally divided into 3 intervals. The first and third phases are considered the longest. It is interesting that the follicular and ovulation phases have an individual and unfixed duration, and the luteal phase always corresponds in duration - 2 weeks or 14 days. As many people know, the entire menstrual cycle can last from 20 to 35 days, and this will be considered normal. Menstrual bleeding is also individual in nature, but it is mandatory for every lady.

To understand what happens and when during these +/- 28 days, it is necessary to consider the duration of each specific phase.

1. The follicular phase is the period from the beginning of menstruation until the egg is fully ready for release from the follicle (ovulation). Depending on the characteristics of the body, it can last from 7 to 20 days. At the beginning of this phase, the woman feels unwell and discomfort in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. Later strength is restored and unpleasant symptoms retreat.
2. – it’s time for the egg to be ready for fertilization. This phase is the shortest and most important. The ability of an egg to fuse with a sperm and fertilize lasts from 20 to 48 hours, which is also highly individual and depends on many factors. Some women feel ovulation and even notice characteristic discharge on their underwear.
3. . Regardless of whether fertilization has occurred or not, this phase continues for the last 14 days. If pregnancy does not occur, then its end and, therefore, the beginning of a new cycle will be monthly bleeding. During this period, many women suffer from premenstrual syndrome() and experience not the most pleasant physical and psychological symptoms and sensations in your body. If, after all, the menstrual cycle has fulfilled its intended purpose, and fertilization has occurred, then pregnancy occurs and further actions Female hormones will focus on the growth, nutrition and development of the fetus.

What can affect the cycle shift

The considered phases of menstruation are a very clear and fragile mechanism that can be disrupted due to many factors. The main supporters of these phases are hormones, which mutually replace each other to achieve a single goal - conception and birth of a child. A disruption in the production of any of the hormones will lead to a break in the sequential chain and affect the final outcome and duration of the cycle.

“I left because I was no longer needed. Wait in a month." Egg

Evgenia Nazimova, obstetrician-gynecologist highest category:

– The May issue contains a lot of material on infertility. Really, modern medicine has great technological capabilities to help childless couples. However, how much do we ourselves know about natural physiological processes occurring in a woman’s body. After all, they are what are needed for pregnancy to occur.

Important
Pregnancy is not counted from the date of sexual intercourse after which it occurred. It is always counted from the moment of ovulation, therefore, regardless of other conditions, any methods for determining pregnancy can be used no earlier than 10 - 14 days after ovulation, even if sexual intercourse occurred at the very beginning of the menstrual cycle. And accordingly, any possible symptoms Pregnancies cannot appear before this moment. Everything else is your imagination.
If we are talking about the obstetric period of pregnancy, then we need to add two weeks to the date of conception (according to ovulation!). This will be the period that should coincide with the period determined by ultrasound. Because if ovulation occurs late, the ultrasound will always give you a shorter period than the date of menstruation. And this has nothing to do with a child’s developmental disorder.

Menstrual cycle

This is the period from the first day of one menstruation to the first day of the next. The normal duration of the menstrual cycle is a constant value for each individual woman with deviations from month to month within a maximum of three days. The average cycle length is 28 - 29 days. Duration limit The normal menstrual cycle is 23 - 35 days. Anything less or more is evidence of disturbances in a woman’s hormonal system.
We often hear from patients that their menstrual cycle is regular, menstruation comes “always on the same day of the month.” And you immediately understand that this patient does not particularly monitor her cycle, she simply notes that menstruation comes about once a month. Because each month has a different number of days and it is impossible to imagine that hormonal system I knew which month had how many days, and clearly adjusted my duration to these numbers. Of course, it is advisable to keep a calendar to mark the day your period begins. Then, if any questions arise, the doctor will simply be able to navigate the features of your cycle and get an impression of possible problems.
Normally healthy woman the menstrual cycle has two phases.
First phase at normal cycle can range from 7 to 21 days. During this period, the woman’s body prepares for possible pregnancy.
Newborn. Under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland (FSH), the growth of follicles - vesicles with nutrient fluid containing the egg - begins in the ovaries. The membrane of growing follicles produces the main female sex hormone - estrogen. With the participation of FSH and LH (luteinizing hormone of the pituitary gland), one of the follicles reaches largest sizes and becomes dominant. It looks like a bubble with a diameter of about 30 mm.
The publication. Due to the peak release of LH into the blood, the membrane of the dominant follicle ruptures in an area devoid of blood vessels, and the egg is released into abdominal cavity– ovulation. At this moment, some women experience a slight pulling sensation in the lower abdomen. Very rarely there may be spotting bloody issues from the genital tract. In most cases, at this moment you can notice the flow from the vagina quite heavy discharge, similar to egg white. Don't be alarmed. This is not a disease, this is the norm!
Finding a partner. After the egg is released into the abdominal cavity, it is captured in the ampulla of the fallopian tube and very slowly begins to move along it. If at this moment sperm meets on her way, fertilization will occur and pregnancy will occur.

Planning the gender of the child
Determining ovulation can help in another important matter - planning the gender of the unborn child. This is perhaps the only scientifically based technique. It is known that the sex of the unborn child depends on the sperm. If the fertilizer of the egg contains a Y chromosome, you will have a boy; if it contains an X chromosome, then you will have a girl. It has been scientifically proven that sperm containing the Y chromosome are more active and fast, but less tenacious, than female sperm with the X chromosome. Therefore, if the fateful sexual intercourse occurs as close as possible to ovulation, Y-containing sperm will quickly reach the egg and fertilize it. But if there are still a few days before ovulation, then these fast sperm will most likely die before the desired moment, but the X-sperm will calmly reach their destination and will be able to wait for the egg.

Starts from the moment of ovulation second phase.
For any length of the menstrual cycle, this phase accounts for 14 days (+ – 2 days). During this period, at the site of release of the egg in the ovary, under the influence of LH, the corpus luteum matures, which produces the second female sex hormone progesterone and to a lesser extent estrogen. Progesterone can cause phenomena in a woman such as increased appetite, drowsiness, and weight gain due to fluid retention in the body. Body temperature sometimes rises to 37 degrees C.
The corpus luteum has a special mission: in the event of pregnancy, it is called upon to ensure its safety at first. If the egg is not fertilized, there is nothing to develop, the level of hormones drops sharply and menstruation begins. That's it, finish. At this point, one menstrual cycle ends and the next one begins, exactly the same.
Now let's look at two important issues, which I think most women are interested in.
First: How to avoid getting pregnant when you don't want to?
Second: how to get pregnant when pregnancy is desired?

Cold - hot

Let's start with the simpler one, the first one. From the characteristics of a woman’s menstrual cycle, it is clear that for conception it is necessary that an egg and a sperm meet in the fallopian tube. The egg enters the tube only after ovulation. According to various sources, its lifespan is no more than three days.
It would seem that everything is clear. Determine the time of ovulation, add 3 days, and during this period abstain from sexual intercourse or use additional contraception. And no unplanned pregnancies. But, unfortunately, not everything is so simple. Firstly, sperm that enter a woman’s reproductive tract before ovulation are not in a hurry to commit suicide because they did not meet an egg there. Most of them prefer to wait quietly until ovulation will occur and SHE will appear - the egg. According to various sources, the lifespan of sperm in a woman’s genital tract can be up to 7 - 10 days! This means that at least another 7, or even 10 days before ovulation become dangerous from the point of view of pregnancy.
Well, okay, you can endure 10 - 13 days. If you are sure that the rest of the days are safe. But there is little hope for this either. Because all our calculations are valid only for the case when we know exactly the day of ovulation. How can you recognize this day? There are several ways:
1. Determination of ovulation by measurement basal temperature. The principle of the method is simple: after ovulation, a corpus luteum is formed in the ovary, which produces a large number of progesterone. And progesterone, as mentioned above, has the ability to slightly increase body temperature. Therefore, by recording the moment the temperature rises, we can confirm the fact of ovulation.
What to do: basal temperature is measured an ordinary thermometer, inserted into the anus for 5 - 7 minutes strictly in the morning, without getting out of bed. We are interested in body temperature not associated with food intake, physical activity and the like. Therefore, if you get up in the morning and then remember about your temperature, then measuring it is already useless, it will not be informative. Measure your temperature every day at approximately the same time, preferably between 7 and 9 am.
We do not measure temperature during menstruation. Usually, during a normal menstrual cycle, before ovulation the temperature is low 36.3 - 36.6 degrees C, and immediately after ovulation it increases by at least 0.4 degrees and becomes more than 37 degrees. This temperature normally lasts almost until menstruation. This method is able not only to determine the presence and time of ovulation, but also to assess the usefulness of the entire menstrual cycle as a whole. But often, even in healthy women, basal temperature graphs are not ideal, so often only a specialist can understand them.
2. Ultrasound monitoring of ovulation. When conducting an ultrasound examination, especially with a transvaginal sensor, the process of maturation of follicles in the ovaries is clearly visible, which means it is possible to track ovulation. To carry out such monitoring it is usually necessary to carry out a series of ultrasound examinations during one menstrual cycle.
The first is always done immediately after menstruation (on the 5th - 7th day of the cycle). During this ultrasound, the initial condition of the uterus and ovaries is assessed, the absence obvious pathology from these organs - tumors, cysts, polyps. If everything is in order, the doctor invites you to next inspection usually on the 10th - 12th day (depending on average duration your his normal cycle), when one of the ovaries should already appear dominant follicle.
Further studies are carried out at a time determined by the doctor depending on the current ultrasound picture. Normally, the doctor will see how the dominant follicle grows to the size of the ovulatory one, then ovulation occurs (rupture of this follicle), in parallel with these processes, characteristic changes in the uterus will appear. In the absence of ovulation, ultrasound monitoring quite clearly determines at what stage the failure occurs. This is important when we're talking about about infertility.
3. Ovulation tests. The simplest and available method. They are sold in pharmacies and are made on the principle of pregnancy tests. They just don’t determine hCG level, and the level of LH in the urine, which increases significantly during ovulation. The instructions describe in detail how and when to carry out these tests.
Of course, in some situations, a combination of two or more of these methods is possible to increase the accuracy of ovulation determination. If you determine that ovulation is occurring in the first cycle, you will need to test three menstrual cycles in a row to see if ovulation occurs on the same day in each. If it turns out that at the same time, you can use this knowledge to develop an individual calendar of your dangerous and without dangerous days. If ovulation is not recorded in the first cycle under study, do not be alarmed. Even a completely healthy woman can periodically have non-ovulatory cycles. Just continue your research for another 2 - 3 months.
But in any case, it is necessary to take into account that even with a very clear menstrual cycle with stable ovulation, disruptions associated with illness, travel, and overwork are possible. The deadlines may shift, and quite significantly. Accordingly, you can get pregnant on those days that you considered safe.

In my opinion, this physiological method contraception can only be used by women with a regular menstrual cycle, leading a measured lifestyle, who are prepared in case of unplanned pregnancy give a birth to a baby.
From these positions, we can explain the onset of pregnancy on almost any day of the menstrual cycle (during menstruation, a couple of days before it). We're just talking about early or late ovulation. In my practice, there have been cases of ovulation occurring, for example, on the 7th day of the menstrual cycle. Accordingly, if sexual intercourse occurs even on the first day of menstruation, sperm can safely wait for the egg and fertilize it.

Sod's Law

Now the second question: How to determine the days most favorable for conception? Everything is the same here, only exactly the opposite. Determine the day of ovulation. Sexual intercourse later than 2 - 3 days after ovulation is of little effectiveness, since sperm need time to penetrate the fallopian tubes. This usually takes them several hours. By this point, the egg will most likely die. Therefore, from this point of view, sexual intercourse is most effective directly on the day of ovulation, as well as 3 to 4 days before it. As you can see, no one has repealed the law of meanness, and if you do not want to get pregnant, then you will have as many as 10 - 13 dangerous days, and if you dream of a child, then the most favorable for conception is a maximum of 5 - 6 days during the menstrual cycle.
However, if we are talking about infertility, we must not forget that for pregnancy to occur, ovulation alone is not enough and many important things must coincide. Therefore, if you determine that you are ovulating, but pregnancy still does not occur, then a more detailed examination is required. What we already talked about in the last issue of the magazine.

Cycle phases in women

Reproductive system women is a cyclical process through which reproductive function. It is based on the menstrual cycle. It is usually divided into phases.

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

Average menstrual cycle has a duration of 28 days. But the normal parameters can vary from 21 to 35 days. Minor deviations occur in the background stressful situations, poor nutrition, influence of disease, etc. Serious violations may indicate the presence of a serious illness.

The cycle is conventionally divided into two phases: and , they are separated). Each of them has characteristics. During the process, it is very important to be able to identify each of the phases. This will increase probability of conception and will help determine the nature of the problem if pregnancy does not occur.

REFERENCE! The most reliable way to determine the phase of the menstrual cycle is ultrasound diagnostics.

In most cases, it dominates the first two weeks in a woman’s body. But depending on the length of the cycle, it can last from 7 to 22 days. Its beginning is considered to be the first day of menstruation, and the end is the moment of release from the ovary. This period combines a number significant signs. These include the following:

• Enlargement of the endometrium.
• Follicle growth.
• Increase in estrogen.
• Change in the nature of discharge.

During the first few days, the woman experiences bleeding. It is rejected from the uterus. During this period there may be painful sensations lower abdomen. Then the follicles begin to grow under the influence of estrogen. gradually changes its structure. Closer to it, its thickness should be in the range from 10 to 15 mm.

There may be several follicles, but most often there is one dominant one. A follicle is considered mature when it is 18 mm in size. When he reaches optimal sizes, happens. This stage ends.

It is at this stage of the cycle that you can become pregnant. This stage is characterized by the process of liberation and its entry into abdominal cavity. This occurs under the influence of two hormones - FSH and LH. They are inextricably linked with each other. If there are problems with one hormone, they will lead to disturbances in the levels of another. in this case it will be impossible.

1-2 days before and after the moment of release is called the period increased fertility. At this time, the woman appears characteristic features. Among them are:

• The appearance of mucous discharge resembling egg white.
• Changes in mood and perception.
• Uncomfortable tingling in the lower abdomen.
• Increased sexual desire.
• A drop in basal temperature 1-2 days before and an increase on the day of onset.

ON A NOTE! The procedure that most accurately determines the release date is called folliculometry.

Lack of ovulation is the most common form of infertility. It is considered normal if a woman is unable to conceive up to twice a year. If this figure is higher, then the body needs immediate treatment.

There may be several reasons. One of the main ones is hormonal disorders. In this case, the follicle does not burst, but turns into a cyst. This phenomenon leads to problems with the following stage of the menstrual cycle. Difficulties with exit may arise due to the development of the following diseases:

• Multifollicular ovaries.
• Pituitary tumor.
• Polycystic disease.
• Inflammatory diseases.
• Violations functioning of the thyroid gland.
• Adrenal diseases.

It is called the period of the corpus luteum, which is formed at the site of the burst follicle and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone. This stage follows when the corpus luteum is almost formed. Its volumes are increasing every day. At the same time, it gets higher progesterone level, which, in the event of conception, helps the fertilized egg attach to the uterus.

It is of great importance when. If there is insufficiency of hormones at this stage, the embryo will not be able to occupy Right place. This is fraught with ectopic or biochemical pregnancy.

IMPORTANT! Most main reason ectopic location of the ovum is poor cross-country ability fallopian tubes Before it is recommended to check the likelihood of this phenomenon using an ultrasound machine or x-ray.

In the absence of conception, the corpus luteum gradually becomes smaller. Along with it, the amount of progesterone also decreases. This provokes the onset of menstruation. The unfertilized one leaves the woman’s body along with bloody discharge.

The duration of the final stage of the menstrual cycle should reach 14 days +/- 2 days. If there are deviations, then we can talk about the presence serious illnesses, inhibiting reproductive function. May extend cystic formation. Its main symptom is a delay in menstruation.

In the case of the corpus luteum, it is used hormonal treatment . Along with it, physiotherapy, acupuncture and visits to a sanatorium are prescribed. The course of treatment for diseases of the genital area involves taking vitamins, proper nutrition and absence of stressful situations.

REFERENCE! If there is a lack of hormones in the last phase of the cycle, medications containing progesterone, such as Duphaston, are prescribed.

Any deviations in the functioning of the reproductive system give the woman signals in the form menstrual irregularities, atypical discharge and painful sensations. The attending physician must be notified of each sign. Early diagnosis promotes the most successful treatment.

H What makes a woman beautiful and light, does not allow her to grow old? What allows a woman to be a mother? These are hormones, fluctuations in the level of which sometimes depend on our mood, attractiveness, desire and performance. It is hormones that are discussed in this Passion.ru article.

The hormonal background of men does not have sharp fluctuations. Hence their determination, reliability, constancy and maximalism.

For women, everything is different: every day of the menstrual cycle, the production of hormones changes. Hence our inconstancy, frivolity and suddenness.

Probably, almost every one of us is a “fury” for a couple of days a month. However, mood swings are not the only “natural disaster” that can be foreseen, knowing how cyclic fluctuations in hormonal levels affect our lifestyle.

1 Week

1 day

The first day of the cycle is usually considered the day when menstrual bleeding begins. Against the background of a decrease in the concentration of the main “female” hormones (progesterone and estrogen), the rejection of the endometrium begins - a thick layer of the uterine mucosa, the “featherbed” prepared by the body in case of a possible pregnancy.

The concentration of prostaglandins, mediators of pain and stimulants of uterine contractility, increases. It’s good for the body - the uterus contracts, throwing out the old endometrium and squeezing the bleeding vessels. And for us - one disorder: pain and heaviness in the lower abdomen.

Take off discomfort Antispasmodics will help: “No-shpa”, “Belastezin”, “Papaverine”, “Buscopan”. But it is advisable not to take Aspirin, as this may increase blood loss.

The most “advanced” follicle that bears the egg begins to develop in the ovaries. Sometimes there are more than one “advanced” ones, and then after successful fertilization several babies can be born at once.

Day 2

We really want to be beautiful, but today hormones are working against us. As a result of low estrogen production, the activity of the sweat and sebaceous glands increases. You have to spend half the day in the shower, spend more time on your face and correct your makeup more often.

2 week

Day 8

It's time to make a beauty plan for the coming week. Every day the concentration of estrogen in the blood, the main hormone of beauty and femininity, increases. Which means skin, hair, nails and body become most susceptible to all kinds of cosmetic procedures and simply glow with health.

After depilation carried out these days, the skin remains smooth and soft longer than usual. And the reason for this is not the newest formula of the post-depilation cream, but a change in hormonal levels.

9, 10, 11 days

There are a few days left before ovulation. Usually the days from the 9th are considered dangerous in terms of child. However If you are dreaming of having a baby girl, your time has come!

There is a theory according to which sperm with the X chromosome (determining the female sex of the baby) are able to “wait” longer than others for the eggs to leave the ovary in the woman’s genital tract. Therefore, you have about 4-5 days left. And on the day of ovulation and immediately after it, the possibility of conceiving a boy increases.

12 day

By this day, thoughts about work and everyday difficulties become more and more distant, and thoughts about love, passion and tenderness literally absorb your entire consciousness! The main hormones responsible for female sexuality and occupy leading positions.

In a woman excitability and sensitivity increases erogenous zones, and even a special smell appears that can attract male attention, similar to pheromones. Therefore, some experts believe that the use of perfumes these days can even somewhat weaken our attractiveness to the stronger sex.

Day 13

The maximum amount of estrogen accumulates in the body. This serves as a signal for the production of another hormone - luteinizing hormone, which very quickly reaches its peak concentration and stops the growth of the follicle.

Now it contains a mature egg, ready for ovulation and fertilization.

Day 14

Under the influence of estrogens and luteinizing hormone, the wall of the mature follicle bursts, and the egg is released into the abdominal cavity. In this case, a small amount of blood flows into the abdominal cavity.

Some women may even feel tenderness in the lower abdomen on the right or left (depending on which ovary ovulated in).

Once in the abdominal cavity, the egg is immediately captured by the fallopian tube and sets off on its way to meet the “masculine principle.”

On the day of ovulation a woman has the highest possible libido and is able to experience the most vivid sensations from being close to her loved ones. Sexologists say that if a woman regularly abstains from sex during ovulation (for fear of an unwanted pregnancy) and does not experience orgasm, then her libido can steadily decrease over time.

To make it easier for sperm to reach the egg, the cervical mucus (a mucous plug that closes the entrance to the uterus, protecting against infection) occurs. casual sex on the day of ovulation is fraught not only with an unwanted pregnancy, but also with a high risk of contracting an STI.

On this day There is a high chance of conceiving twins. If during ovulation a woman releases several eggs at once (there is usually a genetic predisposition to this), then with a successful combination of circumstances all of them can be fertilized.

3 week

Day 15

In the ovary, at the site of the burst follicle, a corpus luteum begins to form. This is a special formation that - regardless of whether fertilization has occurred or not - will diligently prepare the body for pregnancy within 7-8 days.

Corpus luteum begins to produce the hormone progesterone - main hormone pregnancy. The goal is to turn an active and carefree girl into an expectant mother who carefully maintains her pregnancy.

Day 16

Progesterone begins to prepare the uterine mucosa (endometrium) for egg implantation, and the concentration of this hormone increases every day.

In this phase of the cycle Appetite increases and weight gain occurs more quickly. Be especially careful with carbohydrates. As a result of complex hormonal relationships, the body begins to demand more sweets and store them “in reserve” in the form of fat.

Day 17

Under the influence of progesterone, tone decreases smooth muscle. As a result, intestinal peristalsis (wave-like movement) slows down. This may lead to bloating and constipation.

Therefore, try to enrich your diet with coarse fiber and fermented milk products.

Day 18

In case of a possible hunger strike, the body does its best to stock up on nutrients for future use, and as a result, fat metabolism also changes. There is an increase in cholesterol and harmful (atherogenic) fats. And their excess not only spoils the figure, but also creates extra stress on the heart and blood vessels.

Therefore, during this phase of the cycle, try to increase the proportion of vegetable fats in your daily diet and avoid gastronomic exploits. In addition, it is useful to eat garlic and red fish, this helps reduce cholesterol.

Day 19

Despite the fact that ovulation has already occurred, during the second phase of the cycle The body still maintains a fairly high level of testosterone, which increases our libido. Its production is especially enhanced in the morning.

You can take advantage of this by filling the dawn hours with passion and tenderness.

Day 20

By this day, the corpus luteum flourishes. The concentration of progesterone in the blood reaches its peak value. The egg travels through the fallopian tube and approaches the uterus. By this point, she is practically incapable of fertilization.

It is believed that relatively safe days for fertilization begin from this day.

21 day

The concentration of luteinizing hormone decreases and the reverse development of the corpus luteum in the ovary begins. The concentration of estrogen and progesterone gradually decreases.

However, the level of progesterone and all its effects will be quite pronounced until the start of the next cycle.

4 week

Day 22

Metabolism slows down, which is typical for the entire second phase of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone acts as an antidepressant: it has a calming effect, relieves tension, anxiety, and relaxes.

These days we become “impenetrable” to reprimands from our boss, troubles and other stressful situations.

Day 23

Decreasing estrogen levels and increased progesterone, possible problems with the intestines, abuse of carbohydrates these days - all this is reflected on the face, especially if there is a predisposition to acne.

The activity of the sebaceous glands increases, pores expand, and keratinization processes in the skin intensify. Therefore, these days you need to pay more attention to diet and proper facial cleansing.

24 day

Under the influence of progesterone, changes occur in the structure of connective tissue: ligaments become more extensible, hypermobility appears in the joints. There may be nagging pain in the spine and large joints.

Women receive the greatest number of injuries, especially those related to sports, on these days. One awkward movement can lead to a sprain or dislocation, so be careful with yoga, gymnastics and other types of physical activity.

Day 25

Scientists have proven that These days, a woman develops a special smell, which makes it clear to a man that a forced period of abstinence lies ahead.

Perhaps this fact is the reason for the synchronization of cycles in several women living together for a long time.

26, 27, 28 days

Often the most difficult days for a woman and her loved ones. As a result of fluctuations in hormone levels, a woman becomes sensitive and vulnerable, at this time she needs sensitive support.

The level of prostaglandins in the blood increases, The pain threshold decreases, the mammary glands become hard and painful, the picture is complemented by headache, constant daytime sleepiness, anxiety, apathy and irritability. Isn't this enough to ruin the mood?!

Experts believe that sex and chocolate can be a miracle cure these days. However, the situation with sex is more complicated than with chocolate. Before menstruation, the level of all hormones that awaken passion in a woman decreases. According to doctors, in premenstrual days, a woman’s libido tends to zero.

But for some representatives of the fair sex, by the end of the cycle, on the contrary, passions and desire awaken, sensitivity and acuity increase. Psychologists found an explanation. They believe that these days women are not frightened by the thought of a possible pregnancy, which is why sexual fantasies become bolder and feelings become brighter.

Of course, for every woman, the “hormonal clock” runs differently: for some, it’s a little faster, shortening the cycle to 20-21 days, for others, it slows down slightly - up to 30-32 days. The 28-day cycle is only the most common, so it is impossible to create an accurate and universal hormonal calendar. Each woman will have to adapt it to suit herself.

However general patterns Fluctuations in hormonal levels and associated changes in the body persist. Without knowing these features, we sometimes begin to struggle with our own hormones: we sit on a strict diet when the body is trying with all its might to stock up for the future, we forget about the face when it needs the most intense care, or we scold ourselves for being too cold with our loved one at a time when our sensuality is on “forced vacation.” .

By making some changes to your usual lifestyle, you can force your hormones to work like crazy, making us more attractive, cheerful, cheerful and desirable!

To plan conception, you need to study your menstrual process enough long time, keep a calendar of menstruation, know the day the cycle begins, how long it lasts, when the most favorable moment for fertilization and how to calculate it.

What day should you start counting your menstrual cycle?

To begin with, let us recall that the menstrual cycle is difficult process in the body of beautiful ladies, occurring under the influence of hormones. The latter contribute to the development of the egg, its fusion with the sperm, the attachment and development of the embryo in the uterus, or, if this event does not happen, they contribute to the rejection of the endometrium for the start of the next period.

The day the cycle begins is the beginning of menstrual bleeding, indicating the death of a female cell and the need to begin work again on growing a similar one.

Menstruation lasts 3-5 days and is not a very pleasant time, since during this period the uterus contracts intensely, trying to get rid of the already unnecessary mucous layer, which causes painful cramping sensations in the lower abdomen.

On the start day menstrual cycle new follicles are already preparing to grow and are approximately 2 mm in diameter. The first half of the cyclic period begins. After bleeding ends, the fluid bubbles increase in size. On day 7, one is in the lead, continuing to grow, and the rest began their reverse development. At the same time, the endometrium is restored.

This is controlled by estrogen, it is in the lead in this time period. On the day the menstrual cycle begins, it has its minimum value, gradually increasing towards the end of this stage and reaching a maximum at the moment when the dominant follicle reaches 20-25 mm, that is, full maturity.

This peak of estrogen provokes the release of luteinizing hormone (hereinafter LH), on the basis of which tests for determining ovulation are based. LH warns of the imminent release of the cell.

Beginning of ovulation

The LH surge signals that ovulation will begin in 24 hours, and on what day of the cycle it will occur depends on its length. Typically this event occurs in the middle of a regular cycle.

With a 28-day cycle, follicle rupture occurs on the 14th day. With a shortened or extended period, this date is calculated by subtracting 14, a constant value for the second half of the cycle, from the expected day of the next menstruation. Ovulation lasts a day and occurs optimal time for pregnancy.

If you want to give birth to a son, the act of love should be carried out directly on the day of ovulation. If you prefer to have a daughter, it is recommended to have sexual intercourse 2-3 days before the planned release of the reproductive cell.

This is due different lengths sperm life: carriers male chromosome live only 24 hours, but those with female ones are more resilient and can survive up to 5 days in a woman’s genital tract.

Methods for its determination

Ovulation is a sign of a normal, regular process in a healthy woman. Therefore, the determination of this moment is given great attention. Experts offer sufficient quantity ways to calculate it.

Calendar method

Most girls get by calendar method. Here, from what day to consider the beginning of the cycle is clear: the first day or all days of menstruation are celebrated. Afterwards, ovulation is counted by subtracting 14 from the length of the cycle. The two days before and after are also marked in the calendar as favorable for conception.

Basal temperature chart

You can also use basal temperature measurement and charting, where, thanks to the LH surge, you can fix the required date 24 hours before it occurs.

How to determine the onset of ovulation

Ovulation test

There are also ovulation tests, a sufficient selection of which are available in pharmacies with the application detailed instructions how to use them. For this purpose, special devices are used that indicate the growth of the hormone by examining a saliva smear.

Ultrasound monitoring

After release, the egg is sent to the fallopian tube, where it is either fertilized or not. At the site of the rupture of the vesicle, the corpus luteum begins to function, producing progesterone. It supports conception, the required thickness of the uterine mucosa, controls the attachment of the fertilized egg and its further growth and development.

All these points are calculated without difficulty for women with regular cycles. If their rhythms fail, ultrasound monitoring helps track follicle maturation and ovulation. What day of the cycle should I start from? this study The gynecologist decides. Usually 3-5 days after completion critical days. The analysis is repeated 3-4 times until the fact of ovulation is confirmed.

Completion of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle has two options for completion: fertilization of the egg and, as a consequence, the appearance of an embryo and pregnancy, or rejection of the endometrium if fertilization does not occur.

Fertilization

After fertilization, the embryo descends into the uterus and implants into the endometrium. This journey takes 5-7 days. If a week or a little later after the confirmed release of the egg, a few drops of blood are released from the vagina or a slight smear of it, and there is also a feeling of pain in the lower abdomen, this is further confirmation of the fact of pregnancy.

This condition lasts up to a day and passes without a trace, and the fetus continues to develop safely. If your period is delayed by 7-14 days after the expected date of its arrival, you can safely take a pregnancy test to confirm the occurrence of an interesting situation.

Endometrial rejection - menstruation

Well, when the merger of female and male cells did not happen, by the end of the second phase the level of progesterone decreases. The corpus luteum stops producing it, since it is no longer needed. A thick layer of the endometrium, without waiting for the fertilized egg and having lost the support of its hormone, dies and begins to be rejected.

In this case, the walls of the blood vessels are destroyed, and the blood from them mixes with the mucosal epithelium. The discharge is pushed out by the uterus into the vagina, and monthly menstruation begins and a new cycle begins, repeating all monthly phases.

Conclusion

Thus, on what day the cycle begins depends on the rhythmic processes of the woman. The first day of the cycle is considered the day the menstruation begins. Ovulation occurs on day 14, counting from the end of the cycle. Every girl should keep a calendar and mark on it the days when menstruation begins. Based on this, it is easy to calculate the length of your cycle and identify ovulation and days favorable for conception.