Trichomoniasis in women: treatment - drugs, suppositories, tablets. Trichomoniasis. Causes, symptoms (in men and women), modern diagnosis and effective treatment of the disease

A common sexually transmitted infectious disease. It is especially common in women. According to statistics, this diagnosis is made to approximately 55-65% of the fairer sex. Among men there are much fewer patients - about 15%. The disease is quite dangerous, as it can cause serious complications, including infertility and even cancer. They occur only if the patient avoids treatment. Is it possible to completely cure trichomoniasis in women and what medications are required for this?

The female body is much more complex than the male. This is expressed, for example, in the fact that the causative agent of trichomoniasis may not cause illness and may not bother the girl in any way, but will make her a carrier of the infection. In addition, women have more complex immunity and metabolism, which complicates therapy. Based on this, several distinctive features of the treatment of trichomoniasis in women can be identified:

• If a man can have sexual intercourse during therapy, albeit with protection, then it is advisable for ladies to completely avoid sex during this time.
• Taking medications should not last more than 10 days. If this time is not enough, the doctor prescribes other methods of treatment.
• Women should undergo additional diagnostics after completing the course. This is done over three menstrual cycles.

The main condition for getting rid of trichomoniasis is an integrated approach. The reason is that Trichomonas can develop resistance to certain medications over time, which means that one medication will not be enough.

The patient's regular sexual partner should undergo a parallel course of treatment. If a woman has the disease, then her man is almost guaranteed to have it too.

Treatment regimen for trichomoniasis in women

The causative agent of trichomoniasis is not a bacterium as such. For this reason, the use of antibacterial drugs almost never brings a positive effect. In general, treatment of the disease consists of the following measures:

• elimination of microorganisms using anti-trichomoniacal drugs;
• restoration of normal vaginal microflora;
• restoration of the functionality of the genitourinary system;
• strengthening the immune system by taking special medications and normalizing diet;
• final elimination of the symptoms of the disease.

If trichomoniasis has caused complications, then the last stage of therapy should be to eliminate them. Most often, this will look like treatment of another disease, the source of which was an already cured pathology.

The key to success is an integrated approach to therapy. If you ignore something from the list above, then all treatment will need to be started all over again, and this will be an additional burden on the body. In addition, the risk of developing severe complications will increase significantly. Only a doctor can prescribe the correct treatment.

In addition, it is worth monitoring the correct progress of therapy

and the patient's sexual partner. If he does not undergo treatment or completely ignores it, then re-infection is a matter of time. Moreover, a relapse is more difficult to treat, since Trichomonas develop resistance to the active substances of medications.

Folk remedies for the treatment of this disease are acceptable, but their task is to strengthen the body and restore the vaginal microflora. It is not worthwhile to completely replace special preparations with such means.

Drugs for treatment

The basis of treatment is to take pills. Injections, which are sometimes used in therapy, are an additional remedy. Below we consider the main remedies used to treat trichomoniasis:

• Metronidazole

Drugs in this group also include:

1. ‎From 122 to 924 rubles;
2. "Klion". About 83 rubles;
3. "Trichopolus". ‎ From 97 to 340 rubles.

These tablets have a detrimental effect on all types of pathogens. They are especially effective against urogenital trichomonas. After administration, the active substances are quickly absorbed into the blood through the stomach. Accumulating in the body, the product reaches a concentration that is harmless to humans, but kills microorganisms.

These medications are produced in the form of tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 g, as well as in the form of vaginal suppositories of 0.5 g. There are two regimens for taking the drug:

1. On the first day of treatment, you should take three 0.5 g tablets at eight-hour intervals. On the next day, the dose of the drug is reduced by one tablet. After 6 days, the course stops, and the total dose of tablets taken should be 3.75 g.
2. Two tablets of 0.25 g should be taken twice a day at twelve-hour intervals. Treatment lasts for 10 days. The subtlety is that in parallel you need to use one vaginal suppository (0.5 g) per day.

• Tinidazole

It can also be found under the names Triconidazole and Fazizhin. Its effects are almost identical to metronidazole. The drug should be taken according to one of two regimens:

1. one-time 4 tablets of 0.5 g;
2. One tablet every 15 minutes for an hour.

Please note that this medication should not be used during the first trimester of pregnancy, nursing mothers, or those with active central nervous system disease. The cost of packaging ranges from 20 to 35 rubles.

This product cannot boast of a variety of application schemes. You should take 300 mg of the drug twice a day. Of the listed medications, clindamycin is the most effective and fast-acting. Contraindications are identical to those for taking tinidazole. The cost of the drug corresponds to its effectiveness - from 400 to 550 rubles.

These drugs should not be used without a doctor's prescription. Otherwise, serious side effects may occur. In addition, the effectiveness of therapy may be significantly reduced.

Additional Treatments

To reduce the intensity of symptoms and quickly restore affected tissues, doctors often prescribe topical creams and vaginal suppositories. They are used only for additional impact; they cannot be considered the main means:

• "Ornidazole". Available in a dosage of 0.5 g. Should be used once a day for 6 days. The cost of packaging is about 150 rubles.
• "Ginalgin". Vaginal tablets. Use once a day for 10 days. Price - from 250 to 350 rubles.
• "Clindamycin." A topical cream that is used to relieve inflammatory processes. It should be used once a day for no more than 4 days in a row. Cost - about 550 rubles.

These drugs do not cause any side effects as such. However, consultation with a doctor is necessary. Please note that clindamycin is available by prescription.

Treatment during pregnancy

• "Polygynax". From 380 to 649 rubles;
• "Ginezol";
• "Terzhinan." From 362 to 475 rubles;
• "Clotrimazole". From 16 to 172 rubles;
• "Betadine." From 167 to 818 rubles

These medications are completely safe for the unborn child. They are not capable of leading to fetal defects, and also do not interfere with its normal development.

In the second and third trimester, treatment with products containing imidazole is allowed. These include:

• "Atrican";
• "Tinidazole." From 23 to 52 rubles;
• About 303 rubles;
• "Metronidazole" ‎From 43 to 177 rubles.

Consultation with a doctor when treating illness during pregnancy is necessary. Moreover, therapy should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a specialist. The dosages prescribed are minimal and the course of treatment is short. The peculiarity of this regimen is that the likelihood of relapse is significantly higher than with classical therapy. At the same time, the drug load on the body of the mother and her child is significantly reduced.

Although elements of self-medication are acceptable in some cases, their use during pregnancy is prohibited.

Prevention

Trichomoniasis occurs due to the penetration of protozoan microorganisms into the body. The situation is aggravated in case of weakened immunity and concomitant colds. Prevention measures are simple:

• no casual sex (if you really want to, you should use a condom);
• Do not use other people's towels and underwear;
• you need to follow the rules of personal hygiene;
• you should be regularly examined by a gynecologist and venereologist;
• It is recommended to diversify your diet with vegetables and fruits to strengthen your immune system.

In addition, treatment of previously identified trichomoniasis should not be abandoned. Otherwise, relapse is almost inevitable.

Trichomoniasis is very common among women. After identifying the disease, you should undergo a course of therapy, which includes not only getting rid of the causative agent of the disease, but also strengthening the immune system, as well as relieving symptoms. During pregnancy, special care must be taken - some medications can harm the unborn baby. You can watch this video that explains in detail about trichomoniasis, its causes, and treatment options.

Trichomoniasis how the disease develops after infection with vaginal Trichomonas, Trichomonas vaginalis, and the inflammation they cause. Microorganisms belong to single-celled protozoa, are capable of independently actively moving with the help of flagella and fixating on the epithelium of the vagina or urethra. Next, Trichomonas begin to multiply and secrete metabolic products that destroy cells and cause the formation of erosions and then ulcers. Destruction of integumentary tissue leads to an increased risk of infection by viruses during unprotected sexual intercourse.

Trichomonas vaginalis at the onset of the disease give a picture inflammation of the vagina (in women)and urethritis in men.

The main route of transmission of trichomoniasis is sexual, the contact-household route is somehow not considered, although there is a point of view that infection is possible through just used bath accessories, on which fresh discharge of a patient with trichomoniasis could remain.

Oral and anal infection is extremely rare, but possible in principle. Trichomonas remain motile outside the human body for two hours if the ambient temperature is no more than 40 degrees. Incubation period, which is defined as the period of time between infection and the appearance of the first signs of the disease, with trichomoniasis lasts from 4 days to 4 weeks, on average from a week to one and a half, however, as with any infection, it can extend to 1 - 1.5 months or shorten to 2-3 days.

In men pathogens are found in the urethra, prostate gland and seminal vesicles, from secretions - in semen and prostate secretions. In infected women– in the vagina and Bartholin glands, cervical canal, urethra. Neisseria and chlamydia are often found inside Trichomonas, and in these cases they accompany trichomoniasis, complicating the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, some microbiologists believe that the threat is not so much the Trichomonas themselves, but rather the pathogenic microbes that Trichomonas vaginalis transports.

Features of the causative agent of trichomoniasis

All these transformations make it difficult to diagnose trichomoniasis, patients do not receive the necessary treatment and very often the disease becomes chronic or a carrier of the infection. Mostly, men become carriers (and distributors) of Trichomonas, because the clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis are practically invisible in them.

Another unpleasant feature of Trichomonas is the ability to adapt to medicinal drugs, in particular antibiotics. Too often, patients with trichomoniasis do not attach importance to the micro-symptoms associated with the introduction and reproduction of pathogens and self-medicate. The result is either a chronic version of the disease with periodic exacerbations due to stress provocations, which include alcohol, smoking, hypothermia and any infectious diseases, including a common cold. In women, vaginal dysbiosis and hormonal changes contribute to exacerbation. During menstruation, Trichomonas reproduce especially actively, as with the onset of pregnancy, since the pH of the vaginal environment shifts slightly to the alkaline side and becomes very comfortable for the microorganism.

Trichomonas are sensitive to high temperatures (at a temperature of +43°C they live for a day, and at a temperature of +55°C they die in half a minute), drying and ultraviolet radiation, so after washing the patient’s clothes, it is enough to dry them in the sun and the trichomonas will die. But the microbe tolerates low temperatures (slightly above zero) remarkably well and can retain its properties for almost 5 days.

Periods and main symptoms of the disease

Taking into account the time periods of manifestations of the disease and their severity, trichomoniasis is divided into three clinical forms:

The acute phase is characterized by severe symptoms or (inflammation of the vagina), a rise in temperature and changes in the blood that are inherent in a violent inflammatory process (leukocytosis, increased ESR).

Chronic trichomoniasis develops if the disease lasts more than two months. Symptoms of inflammation of the organs of the urogenital system are erased, and concomitant sexually transmitted infections are often detected.

Without treatment, the chronic form can worsen or become hidden - carrier status Trichomonas. When carriers are present, there are no manifestations of infection, but trichomonas are always found in scrapings and discharge from the urethra or vagina.

Clinical symptoms of trichomoniasis and their severity depend on a combination of several factors:

• Vaginal acidity (pH), which is associated with the activity of normal microflora, is in the range of 4.0-4.7 in a healthy woman. Deviations from the norm occur after taking antibiotics, hormonal changes (menstruation, menopause, pregnancy, oral contraceptives); when using spermicidal vaginal preparations, as well as after nervous strain or during rapid changes in climate zones.
  Acidity changes, indicators shift to neutral or slightly alkaline, the protective abilities of the mucous membrane decrease. With trichomonas colpitis, the pH is in the range of 5.5-6.0. These indicators still correspond to an acidic environment, however, such a pH already promotes the proliferation of not only Trichomonas, but also other opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms.
• Condition of the cells of the urethral or vaginal mucosa. Normally, the mucous membrane of the male urethra is covered predominantly by transitional epithelium, while the female urethra, like the vagina and cervix, is lined with non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium (MSE). When Trichomonas, carrying other pathogenic agents in its body, penetrates the cervix, dysplastic changes can occur in the MPE, during which cells lose the ability to differentiate, while the properties of the epithelium change and at the same time its protective function is disrupted.
• Associated microflora: chlamydia and gonorrhea pathogens can be found inside Trichomonas. Accordingly, the manifestations of the disease change; the symptoms of trichomoniasis are joined by manifestations of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

The main symptoms of trichomoniasis are discharge from the urethra or vagina, the entry point of infection. Among women, this symptom is observed in approximately 8 out of 10, and in men – in half of cases of trichomoniasis.

Trichomoniasis in women

In women during the initial period of the disease, vaginal trichomoniasis. For the acute form of the disease characteristically abundant, having an unpleasant “fishy” odor and a yellowish-greenish color, which can change to gray-green streaked with blood. A gynecological examination reveals swelling and redness of the labia minora and majora, hyperemia and ulceration of the vaginal walls.

Trichomoniasis discharge has a characteristic color scheme

A common symptom of trichomoniasis is pain in the vaginal area during sexual intercourse., with urethritis, a local sensation is felt. There may be slight bleeding from the vagina and spread to the skin of the inner thighs. The accompanying symptoms of intoxication can be mistaken for fatigue: weakness, minor headaches and muscle pain, loss of strength, temperature 37.0-37.2.

The uterus, tubes and ovaries are affected by trichomoniasis less frequently than the urethra, vagina and cervix. However, Trichomonas, actively moving, can become a “transport” for gonococci and chlamydia. When released, these pathogens cause symptoms and inflammation of the ovaries -. The area of ​​distribution of Trichomonas above the cervix expands after abortion, childbirth and during menstruation, which leads to ascending inflammation with the formation of adhesions in the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The outcome may be infertility.

During pregnancy Trichomoniasis is detected more often than in non-pregnant women, which is associated with loosening of the vaginal epithelium for hormonal reasons. Infection of a child is possible during childbirth, when passing through the birth canal. During pregnancy, trichomoniasis can lead to spontaneous abortion, inflammation of the membranes, premature rupture of amniotic fluid and “dry labor”. This option is undesirable for mother and child, because an intact amniotic sac helps dilate the cervix and facilitates the final stage of labor. Also, pregnant women with trichomoniasis often experience inflammation of the glands of the vaginal vestibule - and proliferation of genital warts-condylomas, if trichomoniasis is accompanied by papillomavirus infection and they aggravate the negative impact of each other on the epithelium.

Only in 10% of all identified cases the cause of the disease was mono-infection Trichomonas vaginalis. The normal distribution of vaginal microflora is also disrupted: during illness, the proportion of yeast fungi (), strepto- and staphylococci increases, and the number of lactic acid bacteria decreases.

The reasons for increased symptoms of trichomoniasis in women can be a vulnerable immune system, concomitant inflammation, poor diet and hypovitaminosis. With trichomoniasis, all problems with the genitourinary organs become aggravated, the disease affects the condition of the skin: a pustular rash is possible on the face in the area around the lips.

Trichomoniasis in men

The differences between trichomoniasis in men are scant symptoms and a latent course; carriage is often observed. The first signs are associated with urethritis: burning and pain when urinating, possibly streaks of blood in the semen. Next, the infection from the urethra spreads to the prostate gland and its inflammation begins (), then to the seminal vesicles (). Trichomonas secrete substances that deprive sperm of motility, and with vesiculitis, the production of male germ cells is disrupted. Subsequently, everything can end in infertility.

An infected person may not suspect that he is the source of the infection and transmit Trichomonas to sexual partners or family members. Therefore, if a man has even the slightest signs of a urogenital infection, he needs to contact a urologist and get tested not only for trichomoniasis, but also for other STIs.

Signs of Trichomonas (and anyone else) prostatitis:

1. Pain in the perineum, pubic area, groin and anus;
2. Dull pain in the lower back, radiating to the inner thigh;
3. Unpleasant sensations during defecation and urination;
4. Discharge of mucus or pus from the urethra when the abdominal muscles are tense;
5. Erection problems (occurring after inflammation of the nerves that pass through the prostate);
6. Constant low-grade fever (37-37.2°);
7. Persistent bad mood.

A note about mood: a characteristic symptom of chronic prostatitis is changes in the psyche like depressive neurosis. The man is always dissatisfied with everything, is very irritable, is concerned only with his own well-being and is absolutely devoid of the ability to think critically. In addition, due to illness, he eats less; Blood glucose drops, which is expressed by aggressive behavior. It is believed that for successful treatment of prostatitis, the doctor must be not only a good urologist, but also an excellent psychologist.

The risk of developing prostatitis with “dormant” trichomoniasis increases if factors that provoke inflammation of the prostate. These may include hypothermia, regular constipation, sedentary work and a lifestyle with limited movement. Prolonged sexual abstinence or excessive sexual activity, stress at work and at home, poor nutrition and fitful sleep, previous sexually transmitted diseases - all this can contribute to the occurrence of prostatitis. Mechanism associated with ascending infection with Trichomonas from the urethra, impaired blood supply to the pelvic organs (venous stagnation) and the proliferation of pathogens.

Complications of trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis can carry bacteria without rendering them pathogenic. In these cases, when another person is infected, not only trichomoniasis is transmitted to him, but also other sexually transmitted diseases, more often gonorrhea (more than 30% of cases of co-infection).

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis based on a traditional algorithm - survey, examination, analysis data. During survey listen to the patient’s main complaints, find out the connection between the appearance of symptoms and sex life, and try to determine the source of infection. In women, they find out the presence of chronic inflammation of the external and internal genital organs, whether there have been cases of miscarriage, abortion, complications during pregnancy and childbirth. They also ask if she has noticed signs of urethritis in her sexual partner. Men are asked about signs of urethritis and prostatitis, and erection problems.

Then proceed to inspection, assess the condition of the genital organs - whether there is hyperemia and swelling, erosion or areas of ulceration, hemorrhage and abscesses. They find out the location and nature of the discharge, take it, in women - from the cervical canal, vagina and urethra, in men - from the urethral opening. If necessary, a bacteriological analysis (tank culture) is prescribed.

Analyzes if trichomoniasis is suspected, the same as those done for any urogenital infection. A general clinical blood test may show signs of inflammation (leukocytosis, increased ESR) and anemia (with this disease in later stages, a decrease in hemoglobin is sometimes observed due to the loss of iron in red blood cells, which Trichomonas “love” so much).

In a urine test, the number of leukocytes and red blood cells may be present above the permissible level. The presence of casts in the urine indicates involvement of the bladder and kidneys in the pathological process, which is quite rare. Prostate secretion and sperm - leukocytes, traces of blood, sedentary sperm.

In a fresh smear from the urethra or cervix, motile trichomonads are visible, in a stained fixed preparation - unicellular pear-shaped (less often round) organisms with or without flagella, but with a characteristic almond-shaped pink nucleus with pointed edges. In a fixed specimen at high magnification it is difficult to confuse them with anything, although at low magnification the artifacts (flakes of squamous epithelium with collapsing nuclei) are very, very reminiscent of Trichomonas. The main difference between artifacts and Trichomonas is the rounded nuclei.

– culture on a nutrient medium, isolation of trichomonas and re-culture to determine sensitivity to antibiotics. It takes time from 7 to 10 - 14 days, but in the future it facilitates treatment and increases its effectiveness. Tank culture is indicated for chronic forms of trichomoniasis and suspected carrier status.

: about 100% accuracy (96.5%), if the answer is positive, no other confirmation of the diagnosis of trichomoniasis is required. To exclude concomitant sexually transmitted infections, a PCR test is performed for gonorrhea, chlamydia, as well as separate tests for HIV, HPV, hepatitis B and C.

Video: doctor about trichomoniasis and its diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment of trichomoniasis is carried out based on the detection of the pathogen, even if there are no symptoms of the disease. Needs treatment all at the same time sexual partners, sex life and alcohol are strictly prohibited until complete recovery.

For treatment acute uncomplicated forms of the disease, antibiotics with antiprotozoal (against protozoa) action are used. The main drug is metronidazole (Trichopol), either a single dose of 2 g orally, or a course of 5-8 days of 400 mg x 2 per day. Take during or after meals, do not chew the tablets. Women are additionally prescribed suppositories or vaginal tablets with Trichopolum. The course of treatment is repeated after 3-4 weeks if the control PCR test was positive for Trichomonas.

Treatment regimen for children: course of metronidazole for 10 days, the daily dose is divided into two doses. For children from 2 to 5 years 250 mg per day, up to 10 years 375 mg/day, over 10 – 500 mg/day. During pregnancy metronidazole is prescribed once 2 g, but only starting from the second trimester.

At chronic relapsing trichomoniasis use metronidazole 500 mg x 2 for 7 days, combined with the administration of the drug "Solkotrikhovak"(vaccine against trichomoniasis) 0.5 ml IM. Only 3 injections, the interval between them is 3 weeks; a year later, another 0.5 ml is administered intramuscularly once. Swelling and hyperemia are possible at the injection site; they go away on their own within a few days. The vaccine normalizes the pH of the vagina and urethra, helps restore normal microflora and displace Trichomonas vaginalis along with concomitant infections. The protective effect of the vaccine is the prevention of re-infection, the therapeutic effect is the reduction of inflammatory manifestations in the vagina and urethra.

Topical medications help treat local infection and inflammation. Advantages – reduction of the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals. drugs on the body as a whole, reducing the risk of allergies and virtually zero load on the liver and kidneys. Women are prescribed vaginal balls or metronidazole tablets, 0.5 g x 1 per day, for a course of 6 days. Before insertion into the vagina, vaginal tablets should be dipped in a glass of water for 15-20 seconds so that the protective coating begins to dissolve. After administering the tablet, you need to lie down for at least half an hour. Vaginal medications are best used at night, before bed.

For instillations Protargol, 1-3% solution, is used in the urethra. It is also effective if trichomoniasis accompanies gonorrhea. The drug is good as an antiseptic, as an astringent and anti-inflammatory medicine. Sterile catheters are required for instillation and procedures are performed on an outpatient basis.

A week after the end of the full course of treatment, and then twice more with a pause a month, they are prescribed control tests(PCR). Women are examined 3 cycles in a row, after menstruation. If PCR was negative for 1-2 months in men and 3-4 months. in women, the patients are considered cured.

Folk recipes

Folk remedies cannot cure trichomoniasis, but herbal infusions for douching, herbal teas as mild antidepressants and immunomodulators, and nutritional mixtures to replenish vitamin and mineral deficiencies are quite acceptable.

St. John's wort tea

A tablespoon of dried flowers and herbs is poured into 1 liter of boiling water and left for 1 hour. Take a glass three times a day. An excellent remedy for depression, which develops during a long-term illness, such as chronic prostatitis.

Aloe juice (not to be confused with agave)

Take before meals, three times a day. As an immunomodulator, it mobilizes the body's defense systems, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and accelerates the healing of ulcers and erosions.

Infusion for vaginal douching, for baths (for men)

1 tablespoon each of oak bark, chamomile flowers, 2 each of nettle and calendula flowers. The mixture is poured into 1 liter of boiling water and left for 2 hours. Apply once a day, for a course of 5-7 procedures. The action of the components is antiseptic, tanning, anti-inflammatory and analgesic.

Nutrient mixture

Dried fruits – prunes, dried apricots, figs; walnuts and whole lemons are taken in equal proportions and passed through a meat grinder. The mass is mixed with honey to obtain the consistency of a thick puree. Take 1 tablespoon in the morning. The mixture tones and gives energy.

Video: trichomoniasis in the program “Live Healthy!”

Trichomoniasis is diagnosed more often in women. But this is not due to a special predisposition of the weaker sex to the disease, but is due to the fact that women are more willing to consult with doctors and undergo timely diagnosis.

With insufficient treatment, the disease easily takes on a chronic form. Untreated trichomoniasis is dangerous for a woman’s body and can cause complications.

• Inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis);
• Cervical infection;
• Narrowing, poor patency of the fallopian tubes;
• Pathologies of the bladder, kidneys.

Trichomoniasis in women - ways of infection

Trichomoniasis - symptoms in women

The disease is transmitted through sexual contact. Any type of unprotected sex, including oral sex, can lead to trichomoniasis.

It is favorable for the functioning of the pathogen if a woman’s vaginal environment is slightly acidic (PH 5.5−6.4). Such indicators appear during menstruation; a woman needs to be especially careful during this period. Trichomoniasis is promoted by abortion, childbirth, and general weakness of the body. Immunity against the disease is not developed. Based on symptoms, the disease is divided into 3 types.

1. Acute trichomoniasis.
2. Chronic form.
3. Trichomonas carriage. It occurs without symptoms. The pathogen is found in menstrual fluid.

Trichomonas absorbs other infections, and at the same time a woman may suffer from gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, and other STDs, which will also require treatment.

Infection with trichomoniasis through household contact is extremely rare, but cannot be 100% excluded. The infection remains viable for a short time in a humid environment. You must be careful when visiting the pool. Baths are safe in this sense, since the pathogen dies at 45°C.

That is why, although an exacerbation of the disease is sometimes accompanied by an increase in temperature, the heat does not perform a protective function. The disease can be transmitted from an infected mother to a child during the pregnant period, girls are especially vulnerable.

Sexually transmitted diseases are transmitted mainly through sexual contact. According to statistics, the most common infection is Trichomonas vaginalis.

1. No immunity is developed to trichomoniasis.
2. Re-infection may occur after recovery.
3. Infection can occur through genital or household methods.
4. An advanced disease spreads to the genitourinary system and causes irreversible consequences.

The incubation period, before the first signs of the disease appear, can last 5-14 days.

1. The localization of the pathogen depends on the place of introduction into the female body.
2. The main part of the inflammatory processes occurs in the vaginal area and nearby organs.
3. The development of trichomoniasis causes swelling of the genitals:

• burning, itching during urination;
• mild vaginal bleeding;
• mucous membranes are covered with pustules;
• liquid, foamy discharge.

The development of infection in women appears later than men with more pronounced symptoms. Vaginitis predominates, but cystitis and pyelonephritis may occur. The location of damage to the woman’s genitourinary system by the pathogen and its degree depend on the immune system.

Early detection of infection allows for early diagnosis and timely treatment. However, ½ of infected women are unaware of the disease. The reasons for such carelessness are:

• Frequent urge to urinate, pain, and burning during urination are considered to be a consequence of cystitis;
• pain during sexual intercourse, aching pain, heaviness in the lower abdomen are classified as colds of the genitourinary system.

The inflammatory process caused by the proliferation of localization sites of the pathogen may involve the paraurethral ducts, Bartholin's glands, and the cervix.

1. The development of the disease in women occurs with clearly expressed symptoms.
2. The course of the disease has 3 stages:

• acute form with clear manifestation of signs of the presence of the pathogen in the body;
• subacute type, the patient’s disease does not bother him much;
• sluggish asymptomatic type, detected only during routine medical examinations.

Menstrual periods, hypothermia, and other side factors can provoke an increase in the symptoms of indolent infections and accelerate their penetration into the body.

A clinical examination allows you to make an accurate diagnosis and distinguish trichomoniasis from more harmless types of infection.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis in women

If in men the disease occurs with almost no symptoms, women should pay attention to the slightest symptoms.

The first signs of trichomoniasis in a woman appear within two weeks, sometimes the incubation period is a month. Usually, unpleasant sensations begin to bother you on the 4th–5th day. The pathogen penetrates the vagina, cervix, and urinary canal. The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• The first indicating sign of the disease in women is a large amount of vaginal discharge;
• Leucorrhoea is slightly green or yellow in color and foams strongly;
• A symptom of trichomoniasis is the appearance of a rotten fish smell in the discharge;
• Pain during sexual intercourse;
• Symptoms of urethritis appear. Pain during urination, frequent urge;
• A sign of the disease is a burning sensation, persistent itching in the vagina;
• Swelling and redness of the genital organs.

When examining the vagina, blood overflow (hyperemia) of the mucosal vessels is noted. The surface tissues are covered with foam, the cervix begins to bleed when touched by a mirror. Small erosions are visible on the walls of the vagina. They have a distinct red color.

Vaginal discharge, in contact with the skin, causes ulcers, irritation, and abrasions on it. This applies to the perineum and thigh area. Damaged bleeding capillaries are observed on the cervix. The pH in the vagina shifts to the alkaline side.

If these symptoms are detected, women should immediately seek medical help and undergo the necessary treatment, but only after an accurate diagnosis has been established (other diseases also have similar symptoms).

The microorganism that causes the disease is not a virus. Self-diagnosis and self-medication give positive results in 0.2% of cases.

The infection quickly adapts to antibiotics and they stop working on it. It has been proven that chronic and untreated trichomoniasis is the cause of premature birth, miscarriages, and infertility.

1. For an accurate diagnosis, a gynecologist or venereologist takes an anamnesis, indicating:

• the patient has inflammatory processes in the genitals;
• the course of pregnancies and childbirths preceding the detection of the disease;
• inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system existing in the partner.

The grounds for issuing a referral for a clinical examination are:

• miscarriages, self-abortions, pregnancy with obvious pathology;
• chronic diseases of a urogenital nature;
• pronounced inflammatory processes.

The analysis includes research:

• blood;
• urine;
• smear of discharge;
• PCR test.

The sensitivity of the microorganism to drugs is determined.
Based on all the studies and the collected medical history, a diagnosis is made and a course of treatment is prescribed.

A sexually transmitted disease is transmitted sexually in 99% of cases. The risk group consists of women and girls who are sexually active and frequently change partners. The disease in women in 80% of cases is clearly expressed and can be cured in the initial stage of development.

1. Newborn girls become infected from sick mothers during passage through the birth canal. Manifestations of the disease are identical to adult forms.
2. During the first days, a woman experiences itching in the genital area, a small amount of white and pale yellow discharge, and pain in the lower abdomen.
3. An increase in the colony of microorganisms and their capture of new territories leads to increased pain:
   • the genitals swell, the itching and burning in their area intensifies;
   • the discharge becomes yellow and yellow-green;
   • an unpleasant smell of rotten fish appears;
   • urination is complicated by pain.
4. The greatest manifestation of the disease occurs during menstruation.

After 1-1.5 months, ulcers appear at the sites where the microorganism is localized, and severe dermatitis is observed on the genitals and inner thighs. There is a frequent urge to urinate. Then the pronounced symptoms disappear, the disease passes to the chronic stage.

The transition of infection to the chronic stage leads to damage to the nervous system. The patient becomes irritable, sleep is disturbed, and depression occurs. The intimate side of life is disrupted due to painful sensations during sexual intercourse.

An advanced or untreated stage of the disease can provoke uterine bleeding during the menstrual period, leading to infertility.

Timely detection of the disease and treatment with drugs leading to the complete destruction of the pathogen gives quick positive results without causing complications.

Trichomoniasis, entering the female body during pregnancy, can affect the development of many diseases:

• Proctitis.
• Cervicitis.
• Erosion of the cervix.
• Cystitis and other diseases.

Therefore, if a woman is diagnosed with trichomoniasis during pregnancy, the doctor should pay maximum attention to her.

During pregnancy, inflammatory processes are active, and the chronic form easily transforms into acute. As a rule, in pregnant women the infection affects several organs, sometimes the entire genitourinary system.

In expectant mothers, the immune response to infection is activated, aimed at protecting the embryo.

So after 4 months, special protective membranes are formed that prevent Trichomonas from entering the uterus. But infection of a woman’s body before 16 weeks of pregnancy in most cases leads to miscarriage. Later infections are easier to treat and have a positive tendency to recover.

A woman may not be aware of her illness. The disease trichomoniasis during pregnancy occurs in both acute and chronic forms. The acute form of trichomoniasis during pregnancy is characterized by rapid manifestation of signs of the disease.

Within 2-14 days the following may begin:

• Diarrhea.
• Fever.
• Heat with heaviness in the lower abdomen.
• Severe weakness and fatigue.
• There is a discharge that is sharp-smelling, foamy, yellow with a greenish tint.
• Pregnant women experience severe itching with pain in the genitourinary system.

The chronic form of trichomoniasis is characterized by the fact that the patient may not be aware of her disease for six months. It appears as follows:

• Metabolism is disrupted, often attributed to pregnancy.
• Pregnant women feel occasional pain in the lower abdomen and itching.
• More difficult to diagnose.
• Sometimes purulent mucous discharge appears.

But Trichomonas takes pathogens without destroying them. Inside it, they become inaccessible to antibiotics. As a result, microbes have free access to the uterine cavity and influence the fetus.

If trichomoniasis is diagnosed on time, it is better to treat it before pregnancy. Naturally, the disease will have an effect on subsequent pregnancies, since traces of inflammatory changes will remain on the uterine mucosa.

Because of this, the fertilized egg may be positioned in such a way that a caesarean section will have to be performed during childbirth. However, this is the only complication that pregnant women can fear after completely cured trichomoniasis.

Treatment of trichomoniasis in women

Treatment is prescribed to both sexual partners, even if the man has no symptoms of the disease.

The first step should be a complete cessation of drinking alcohol-containing drinks and exclusion of spicy, smoked, and salty foods from the diet. A pause in intimacy is advisable, otherwise re-infection may occur and the previous treatment will go down the drain.

Since trichomoniasis affects various organs of the genitourinary tract, it is recommended to carry out the course using complex therapy. Applicable:

• antibiotics;
• biogenic stimulants;
• vitamin therapy;
• immunotherapy;
• baths;
• instillation;
• washing.

Successful treatment of trichomoniasis in women is not a reason to forget about visiting doctors for a long time; during several menstrual cycles it is necessary to be observed by a doctor and undergo repeated examination.

The main requirement for medications is that they must be active against anaerobic microflora.

Treatment regimens for trichomoniasis in women:

One of the main advantages of this drug over similar ones is the speed of action. The medicine penetrates the woman’s blood with lightning speed, is absorbed throughout the body and has a detrimental effect on the causative agent of the disease. The product is available in convenient blisters (tablets of 0.5 g or 0.25 g, vaginal suppositories).

The drug requires special attention when used, so a specially designed regimen for women will help achieve effective results.

The first day of admission - three times a day you should take 2 tablets. leaving equal intervals between uses. The very next day the norm is reduced by 2 times, but the same number of treatment sessions should remain. It will take exactly a week to recover. The final stage is a visit to the doctor and undergoing an examination.

Another effective scheme is complex treatment with tablets and suppositories. A metronidazole tablet (0.25 g) is taken twice a day, but a vaginal suppository must be administered along with it.

Treatment will take longer, up to 10 days. A visit to a doctor, a re-examination are necessary, the diagnosis will notify you of a successful recovery or inform you about taking a repeat course.




The structure, composition and principle of action are similar to metronidazole, and there is also a dosage regimen for how to treat trichomoniasis. A woman diagnosed with the disease should take the medicine orally. Release form: tablet (0.5 g each).

Treatment with trinidazole is easy - 4 tablets at a time. The second regimen recommended for taking the medicine is the same amount of the drug, but spread the dosage over an hour, taking one tablet every quarter of an hour.

The drug has a small peculiarity - it is prohibited for pregnant women (especially in the first three months) and during lactation, since it can negatively affect the baby. It is strictly not recommended to combine trinidazole with alcoholic beverages, even in small quantities.

A woman who is prescribed trinidazole as treatment must additionally donate blood to detect disorders. Obligatory observation of the attending physician and examination.




The drug is used as an effective medicine, especially if trichomoniasis is already in an advanced stage. Solcotrichovac is also an excellent disease prevention.

The healing liquid is injected into a vein at intervals of two weeks, only under the supervision of a doctor. One course will require three injections. Long-term observation by doctors (up to a year) may reveal a relapse of trichomoniasis and will have to be treated again, but with smaller doses of the drug.

If a woman seeks medical help in a timely manner, rehabilitation will be quick and painless with the help of local treatment. It is recommended to treat trichomoniasis:

(one tablet per day is inserted into the vagina, the process will take up to 4-5 days);




(administer 1 tablet within 10 days);




(3 days, 250 ml.);




(a cream-like preparation is applied to the genitals for 4 days).

Even if the doctor has identified a mild lesion, the use of the products should only be under medical supervision; self-medication threatens to develop into long-term health problems.

Daily hygiene is the main rule during illness. It is necessary to change linen frequently and take a shower with special hygiene products.

Treatment of trichomoniasis should only be carried out by a qualified specialist; there should be no self-medication. Under no circumstances should you trust your health to all kinds of healers, healers, and traditional healers.

However, traditional medicine has developed effective recipes for the treatment of trichomoniasis.

A multicomponent mixture is prepared, which includes herbs.

1. Shepherd's bag 1 part.
2. Knotweed (bird knotweed) 3 parts.
3. Mistletoe 1 part.
4. Sweet clover (wild buckwheat) 0.5 parts.

Add 1 part of mountain arnica flowers. Prepare an infusion. Pour a teaspoon of the mixture with a glass of boiling water and leave for 15 minutes. Take 100 ml after breakfast and before bed. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.
Infusion for douching.

Common oak bark in the amount of 20 g, chamomile, walnut leaves 25 g each, sage and mallow flowers 15 g each are used. Infuse two tablespoons of the collection in 200 ml of boiled water for at least 4 hours. Douche daily for one and a half to two weeks. Before the procedure, warm the infusion to body temperature.

Often, treatment of a disease is effective with the help of simple plants, without using multicomponent preparations. For example, garlic. The juice is squeezed out of the head of garlic. It is taken ½ dessert spoon three times a day.

Using a compress of onion and garlic is effective. Finely grind the ingredients and apply the resulting slurry to cheesecloth. Insert the tampon into the vagina and keep it there for 4 hours. Duration of treatment is 10 days.

An interesting innovation was developed by Korean doctors. Prepare a five percent substance of garlic juice and glycerin. Vaginal suppositories are made from it. Usually, for treatment, it is enough to insert one suppository for five days to destroy Trichomonas.

Trichomoniasis will not appear if you follow some precautions, which are not difficult to adhere to. The first thing that is necessary is to exclude completely random connections.

The main risk factors are partners who take drugs or gay people. A woman can also receive an unexpected surprise from a doctor of a certain profession who comes into contact with the blood of patients.

Sexual intercourse with each new partner must be accompanied by condoms. You should not rely on chance or warm assurances of your partner’s cleanliness and health. Most often, it turns out that the man himself does not even suspect that the microorganism has already settled in his body.

Having sex with one partner ensures that trichomoniasis does not have to be treated, especially if both the woman and the man periodically visit a venereologist. Regular examination by a doctor, the absence of “left” movements and casual relationships are a guarantee that treatment will not be needed and will not overshadow family relationships.

If accidental sexual intercourse without protection occurs, you must treat the external genitalia and vagina with Miramistin or Betadine within 2 hours after it. They reduce the risk of disease to a minimum.

A solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) has a good effect on the pathogen; douching the vagina with this remedy is a traditional method of prevention.

An indispensable condition for prevention is regular visits to the gynecologist. This usually makes it possible to detect infection at the first mild stage, treatment occurs quickly and is safe for the body.

When visiting a gynecologist, you should pay attention to the cleanliness and sterility of the instruments. It happened that infection occurred precisely for this reason.

Vaginal trichomoniasis is a disease that does not cause much harm to the body, but only if the infection was detected in time and an immediate response occurred with medication. Self-medication of the disease is strictly prohibited; it is better to seek qualified help at the slightest suspicion or symptoms.

Characteristic signs of the disease in women are foamy discharge, vaginal itching and painful urination.

In men, there are no characteristic symptoms of trichomoniasis. Treatment in women is with antiprotozoal drugs prescribed by a doctor.

What are Trichomonas?

There are more than 100 species of the genus Trichomonas, but only three are pathogenic for humans: Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas tenax and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomonas hominis lives in the gastrointestinal tract and causes diarrhea; It is more common in children than in adults, but its pathogenesis has not yet been studied.

Trichomonas tenax causes oral diseases. Its presence is sometimes detected in sputum during inflammation of the lungs or bronchi. Only Trichomonas vaginalis promotes the formation of inflammatory processes in the human genitourinary system.

T. vaginalis has a pear-shaped, oval, less often spindle-shaped shape.
Their size can range from 8 to 30 microns, and vary depending on the phase of clinical infection.
Trichomonas feed on bacteria and fungi, but their main nutrient is glycogen from the epithelial cells of the genitourinary system.
As a rule, infection with trichomonas vaginalis passes without characteristic signs. Symptoms of the disease appear when the infection becomes acute. The chronic form of the disease is more common and is accompanied by signs of weaker intensity.

How to cure trichomoniasis in women?
It can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Even if there are no signs of the disease, an infected person can infect a sexual partner.
Therefore, it is important that both partners undergo pharmacological treatment at the same time.

Is trichomoniasis transmitted through a condom?
Proper use of condoms significantly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of infection or spread of Trichomonas.

Currently, metronidazole is most often used in the fight against trichomonas vaginalis, but in recent years there has been an increase in the number of strains resistant to this drug.
Important questions also arise regarding immunology, complications during pregnancy, accurate diagnosis and public health control of this infection.

The high incidence of transmission and serious complications associated with morbidity during pregnancy indicate the need for an epidemiological control program for this disease.

How do people become infected with trichomonas vaginalis?

Trichomonas vaginalis often cause inflammation of the vulva, vagina and cervix.
During a gynecological examination of the patient, changes are observed in the form of swelling and redness of the vaginal mucosa, spots and papules and erosion of the cervix.
In 5-15% of patients, examination does not reveal any anomalies.
Clinical manifestations of T. vaginalis infestation include: itching, burning of the vulva, foamy, smelly gray-green vaginal discharge, bright red vaginal epithelium, sometimes with point changes, painful and more frequent urination.
Damage to the upper parts of the genitourinary organs may be indicated by pain occurring in the lower abdomen.

Symptoms are worse during or immediately after menstruation. Chronic infestations can cause menstrual irregularities. In women, infection is usually limited to the vulva, vagina and cervix.

In men, infections are most often asymptomatic, only sometimes there are signs of pain during urination, and after a night's rest, discharge from the urethra rarely appears.
The infection can affect the urethra, bladder, prostate gland and seminal vesicles.

In children, the signs of the disease and their severity depend on the gender and period of development (age) of the child. These may include fever and:
- for girls:

• swelling and redness of the vulva;
• cervical erosion;
• signs of inflammation of the urethra;
• skin rashes of the perineum and groin;

- for boys:

• swelling and redness of the urethral opening;
• leukocyturia.

Diagnostics

When the first warning signs of trichomonas infection appear, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. Numerous diagnostic methods have been developed that can detect T. vaginalis infestations and determine a treatment regimen.
During the diagnosis, the specialist asks the patient about previously identified sexually transmitted diseases.

To make a correct diagnosis, differential diagnosis is necessary, since trichomonas infection is easily confused with chlamydia.

Are chlamydia and trichomoniasis the same thing? Although these diseases share the same symptoms, they are caused by different bacteria. The cause of chlamydia is chlamydia trachomatis. Therefore, microscopic examination is used for accurate diagnosis.

To do this, during examination, a sample of discharge is taken from the walls of the vagina, from the posterior fornix, from the cervical canal or from the urethra.
A smear is obtained 2-3 days before or after menstruation.

In men, secretions from the urethra, under the foreskin, mucus from the prostate or semen should be collected. You can examine the sediment of the morning portion of urine (first stream).

Recent years have been characterized by the development of modern serological methods, which are successfully used for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis.
Serological tests help detect trichomonas vaginalis antigens in the secretion being tested. They have great diagnostic value.

Blood serum studies are carried out for the presence of cytokines and chemokines. The results show that levels are elevated when T. vaginalis invades.

Treatment

Trichomonas infection requires quick and comprehensive treatment, which should include both partners equally.
It should be borne in mind that trichomonas vaginalis infects humans through sexual intercourse, so if only one side is treated, the disease cannot be completely cured.

If you have symptoms of trichomoniasis, you should consult a gynecologist, urologist or venereologist.
Treatment of trichomoniasis in women: drugs and a treatment regimen have the task of slowing down the development of trichomonas vaginitis and eliminating all protozoa from the patient’s body.

How to treat trichomoniasis in women? The drugs used for this purpose have an antiprotozoal effect.
The patient is administered, for example, metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, fimidazole.
These drugs interrupt the Trichomonas DNA chain, prevent it from reproducing and lead to its death.

Is it possible to have sex with trichomoniasis during the treatment course?
Partners are advised to abstain from sexual intercourse during therapy to prevent re-infection.

Treatment of trichomoniasis in women (drugs, regimen):

1. oral administration of metronidazole in a single dose of 2 g or
   oral dose of tinidazole - 2 g.
2. Alternative treatment for trichomonas in women: metronidazole 500 mg orally twice a day for a week.
3. Alcohol consumption should be avoided during pharmacotherapy with nitroimidazoles.
4. To reduce the likelihood of a disulfiram-like reaction, abstinence from drinking alcohol should be continued for 24 hours after stopping metronidazole and 3 days after stopping tinidazole.

Nitroimidazoles are the only class of antiprotozoal drugs effective against Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Drugs such as metronidazole and tinidazole have been approved by the FDA for the pharmacotherapy of oral or parenteral trichomoniasis.

Tinidazole tends to reach higher levels in the serum and genitourinary system. Has a longer elimination time from the body than metronidazole (12.5 hours vs. 7.3 hours) and fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

The course of treatment should not be shortened, even if the symptoms have subsided.
In addition, you need to take care of the hygiene of the perineal area and use only medications intended for this purpose.
During menstruation, it is recommended to avoid tampons, which increase the risk of infection.
Pregnancy and trichomonas infection.

Trichomonas vaginal infections in women during pregnancy are associated with adverse complications, in particular, premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, and low birth weight babies.

Pregnant women (regardless of stage of pregnancy) with infection should undergo pharmacotherapy. For trichomoniasis, treatment in women (drugs) should be used according to the following regimen: metronidazole 2 g orally in one dose.

Metronidazole crosses the placenta, but laboratory results indicate that it has few side effects for the fetus.

In the studies conducted, there are no results proving teratogenic and mutagenic effects on infants.
Metronidazole is excreted in breast milk.
Some doctors advise delaying breastfeeding for 12-24 hours after the mother takes a 2-g dose of metronidazole. Although there is no evidence of adverse effects of metronidazole (in breast milk) on the infant.
Metronidazole can be taken during breastfeeding according to the following regimen: 400 mg three times a day for 7 days. In this case, a lower concentration of the drug in breast milk is observed, which is considered compatible with breastfeeding for a long period of time.

Prevention

The best method of prevention, as well as the spread of sexually transmitted diseases in women and men, is the use of condoms.
This is especially important if you do not have a regular partner and you are not sure about his past.
Asymptomatic infections in men are the most common cause of recurrence of this problem in women.

Another important element of prevention against trichomonas vaginalis is compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, and first of all:

• care about hygiene, it is not recommended to use other people’s toiletries, towels and underwear,
• self-monitoring and diagnosis of infected people.

If you notice any signs or symptoms of trichomoniasis, visit your doctor as soon as possible for proper diagnosis and treatment.

It is believed that trichomoniasis is one of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, as well as diseases that are sexually transmitted.

The disease is dangerous due to complications that can provoke infertility, pathologies of fetal formation during pregnancy, and in men - prostatitis.

In fact, 90% of the population are carriers of Trichomonas, but in most people it does not manifest itself in any way.

• with weakened immunity;
• when inflammatory processes occur;
• during prolonged menstruation.

Trichomoniasis is dangerous, first of all, due to infertility and pregnancy pathologies. During the experiments, it was noticed that Trichomonas significantly reduces the viability and mobility of sperm.

The causative agent of trichomonas infection cannot live outside the human body, so infection is possible only through sexual contact. If acute trichomoniasis is not completely cured, it becomes chronic and can appear after a few years.

The incubation period in men is not pronounced; once the pathogen enters the female body, it does not initially reveal its presence through clinical symptoms. The latent stage of trichomoniasis is called incubation.

Studies conducted during this period for the presence of the pathogen often do not give positive results; their presence is discovered later.

The duration of the incubation period for trichomoniasis can vary; it lasts from 2 to 20 days (less often up to 60 days). The disease begins to progress faster in women if:

• there are inflammatory, infectious and viral diseases, against the background of which the protective properties of the body are reduced and its immune defense is weakened;
• A large amount of the causative agent of trichomoniasis has entered the female genital tract.

There are reasons on which the long latent period of trichomaniosis depends:

• if a patient infected with trichomoniasis takes antibacterial medications to treat existing diseases;
• the state of the vaginal microflora - the predominance of lactic acid bacteria contributes to an increase in the incubation period of trichomoniasis.

Venereologists insist that a woman should come to them at the first suspicion of trichomoniasis - uncertainty about the health of her partner, itching and burning when urinating, the presence of purulent or yellowish vaginal discharge, an unpleasant odor.

Trichomoniasis often affects women over the age of 18. It cannot be said that men are not infected with this pathology; they simply do not always show symptoms. The disease is characteristic of those people who resort to promiscuous sexual intercourse and suffer from sexually transmitted diseases.

Women get infected:

• during or after menstruation;
• during childbirth or delivery of a fetus;
• absorbed into the uterus during orgasm.

You can become infected with trichomoniasis by touching your partner's genitals with your hands. The route of transmission often comes from men, since they may not be aware of the presence of infection, since they do not notice any signs of it. The cause of infection is genital contact. Also, sexually transmitted infections can come from medical instruments.

Trichomoniasis is transmitted along with sperm, blood, and secretions of the female genital organ. The baby can become infected with the pathology when it moves from the mother’s womb through the birth canal. Girls are at risk of having this problem.

In order not to be treated, and often unsuccessfully, for infertility, you should know how you can become infected with trichomoniasis. The infection can be transmitted through household means - from someone else's towel, through a bed, or a washcloth. Infection is possible from underwear worn by a partner.

Single-celled creatures can settle on the walls of a bathtub or swimming pool, or cling to the toilet lid. This route of transmission is also not excluded.

Once in the natural environment, Trichomonas will not die for another couple of hours if the temperature is not higher than 40 degrees. Once in the body, the pathogens do not manifest themselves for 4 days, sometimes the signs are invisible for a whole month.

Vaginal protozoa enter the urogenitals and attach to the integumentary cells. At unfavorable pH values, they take the form of an amoeba and freeze. Because of this, diagnosing trichomoniasis is complicated, and the pathology becomes chronic. Its carriers are the male gender, because he does not feel signs of the disease. Very rarely, infection can be transmitted through the anal route.

Trichomoniasis, like gonorrhea, is almost impossible to recognize on your own, except for frequent discharge from the genitals. A transparent, large drop is the only symptom inherent in everyone with trichomoniasis.

Indirect signs of trichomoniasis:

• pain when urinating (as with gonorrhea);
• strong periodic burning sensation;
• pain in the lumbar part of the body.

In the acute phase of trichomoniasis, symptoms begin to appear quite pronounced in the form of:

• temperature rise;
• increase in ESR;
• development of leukocytosis.

After a few months, when infection occurs through sexual contact, due to contact with the patient’s objects, the pathology can become chronic. Its signs are no longer so clear; other sexually transmitted infections are often detected.

At this phase of development, trichomoniasis may be hidden and show no signs. In secretions and scrapings obtained from the urethra or vagina, protozoa are found that cause trichomoniasis. The routes of infection start from here. If you do not resort to treatment of the pathology at this stage, you can expect an exacerbation.

The severity of symptoms is influenced by:

• the condition of the cells that form the lining of the urethra;
• microflora;
• acidity in the vagina.

The incubation period after infection with trichomoniasis can last from 2 days to 2 months, and if trichomoniasis is not pronounced, the first signs may appear several months later, in case of decreased immunity or in combination with other sexually transmitted diseases.

Trichomoniasis in different patients occurs in acute, chronic or latent form in the form of Trichomonas carriage. The asymptomatic form of the disease is the main reason for the spread of trichomoniasis.

In men, the asymptomatic course of trichomoniasis predominates, in which clinical signs are not expressed, but the pathogen is present in the body and can be spread sexually.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis - clinical manifestation:

• itching of the penis;
• discharge from the urethra;
• burning sensation accompanying ejaculation and urination;
• pain during urination;
• Sometimes the disease can cause prostatitis.

With inflammation of the prostate, a man whose trichomoniasis has become chronic may experience: fever, temperature, pain in the back, abdomen, pelvis, groin, scrotum, anus, muscles, joints, as well as weakness, headaches. In addition, the man suffers from constipation and increased urge to urinate, caused by the disease trichomoniasis.

In women, the clinical signs of trichomoniasis are more pronounced, and the asymptomatic course is rarely diagnosed.

• The first symptoms of the disease are yellow or green discharge; it may contain foam impurities and have an unpleasant odor.
• There are pronounced itching and burning sensations, noticeable irritation of the genital mucosa, and small ulcers and erosions may occur.
• A common symptom of trichomoniasis may be pain during urination or sexual intercourse.
• Swelling of the groin is noticeable, sometimes the disease spreads to surrounding tissues in the form of dermatitis of the skin of the thighs.
• pain when having sex.
• bloody type discharge.

The sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis is dangerous due to the possibility of complications that pose a great danger to pregnant women. Doctors note:

1. Increased risk of rupture of amniotic fluid and the possibility of premature birth;
2. Development of infertility;
3. Cervical cancer.

A microscopic organism, Trichomonas vaginalis, being the causative agent of an infectious disease of the genitourinary system, has been causing many problems to humanity for thousands of years.

1. According to statistics provided by WHO, 1/10 of the world's population are carriers of a chronic form of trichomoniasis, infecting 200 million people annually.
2. Infection occurs 90% sexually. However, it is possible for a child from a sick mother to become infected during birth.
3. Once the pathogen enters the body, it affects the squamous epithelium, affecting exclusively the genitourinary system. As a result of its development, urethritis and prostatitis are detected in men, and in women, the pathology affects the vagina and urinary tract.
4. The incubation period and rate of colony development depends on the human immune system and ranges from 2 to 14 days.
5. The defeat process goes through several stages. Until the colony grows, the disease is asymptomatic. The main complaints are the same in men and women.

The first stage is characterized by:

• itching, burning, unpleasant sensations in the urethra;
• purulent mucous discharge from the urethra.

Typical for subsequent development:

• the discharge becomes white-yellow, yellow-green;
• The color of the urine is dark, there may be some blood in it;
• frequent, ineffective urge to urinate;
• at the moment of urination, sharp cutting pains that prevent the process from being completed.

As the inflammatory process develops, it becomes multifocal:

• in women, it involves the vestibular, paraurethral glands, and cervix;
• In men, the prostate gland is damaged and the urethra narrows.

If the development of the pathogen is not stopped within two months, the disease becomes chronic.

Chronic trichomoniasis

Advanced, incompletely treated trichomoniasis, having become chronic, becomes asymptomatic. It is characterized by exacerbations caused by drinking drinks containing alcohol, hypothermia, and colds.

In men, the cause of exacerbation may be sexual overstimulation. It is typical for women to experience increased symptoms during menstruation.

1. For the majority of affected men, advanced trichomoniasis does not cause concern. Patients often do not realize they are carrying the virus until they are tested. For the chronic form at moments of exacerbation it is characteristic:

• copious purulent discharge from the genital organ;
• secreted mucopurulent masses contain blood;
• swelling of the genitals, severe burning, pain during urination;
• periodic tingling in the urinary canal followed by itching.

For women, the chronic stage of the disease causes multiple problems:

• frequent urges, painful burning during hygienic processes;
• yellow-green foamy discharge with a pungent odor of spoiled fish from the vagina;
• irritation and swelling of the external genitalia, the appearance of ulcers;
• painful sensations during intimate contacts;
• uterine bleeding during menstruation.

In the chronic form of trichomoniasis, carriers of the disease experience:

1. Weakened immune system:

• fast fatiguability;
• frequent colds;
• the appearance of allergic reactions.

Changes in sexual functions:

• men complain of decreased erection and pain during it;
• women note vaginal dryness and decreased interest in intimate relationships.

Women experience changes in the environment inside the vagina.

In men, symptoms correspond to the development of prostatitis or epididymitis.

It is impossible to hope for an independent cure for trichomoniasis, since the chronic form is not dangerous for the body.

It threatens the strong half of humanity with changes in the prostate gland, the formation of cysts in it and scar-dystrophic changes in tissue. This can result in impotence, decreased kidney function, and lead to cancer.

For women, advanced trichomoniasis risks miscarriages, an increased likelihood of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, the development of cysts and cervical erosion.

For complete and correct treatment, an accurate diagnosis of the disease is necessary.

A sexually transmitted disease caused by vaginal trichomonas rarely manifests itself in an open, pronounced form. An infected person may have a complete absence of symptoms or the symptoms may be similar to diseases of the genitourinary system.

The doctor, having examined the patient, if there is a suspicion of virus carriage, draws up a brief history of the disease, refers him to laboratory tests and a more accurate diagnosis.

An accurate diagnosis is made after a number of studies.

Simultaneously with the cultivation of microbes, antibiotics are added to their colonies to identify the drug affecting them.

Using these diagnostic methods one at a time will not bring the desired result. To establish an accurate diagnosis, the simultaneous use of several methods is necessary.

Treatment of trichomoniasis

Regardless of the presence or absence of clinical signs of trichomoniasis, both partners are involved in the treatment of the disease.

When the disease occurs, complex treatment of trichomoniasis is used. The patient is prescribed medications for trichomoniasis with an antibacterial effect in the form of tablets, injections or suppositories for trichomoniasis, which are used for general and local therapy.

The full course of therapy is 10-12 days, depending on the severity of the disease. Severe or chronic forms may require a longer or repeated treatment regimen, as well as additional medications.

The treatment regimen for trichodiasis includes following several recommendations prescribed by the doctor, namely:

• refusal of sexual activity for the entire course of treatment. This is due to the fact that if the disease is present, infection of a partner is possible even with the use of protective equipment;
• abstaining from drinking alcoholic beverages. Tablets prescribed for the treatment of trichomoniasis are not combined with alcohol, which will lead to ineffective therapy;
• maintaining personal hygiene, including showering and changing underwear;
• for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, which is important for normalizing the vaginal microflora, the doctor may prescribe the use of fermented milk products with bifidobacteria, plus the use of auxiliary medications;
• In order to increase immunity, drugs with immunomodulating and general strengthening effects are prescribed.

In this case, it is important to inform your sexual partner about the problem and convince him to undergo an examination and subsequent treatment regimen, because the disease can be asymptomatic.

Trichomoniasis is considered cured if the causative agent of trichomoniasis is absent upon repeated examination of smears.

Treatment of the disease is required for any symptoms. There are no uniform schemes for conducting a treatment course. The pathogen is completely insensitive to antibiotics.

The main proven drug is Metronidazole. Experts prescribe it according to different regimens, depending on the degree of damage to the patient’s body.

1. In advanced forms of trichomoniasis:

• several drugs of similar action and antifungal drugs are added to the drug;
• antibiotics are included to destroy side infections that enter the body with Trichomonas;
• vitamin-mineral complex and microelements necessary to restore the immune system.

Be sure to wash the urethra with the bladder by douching and insert suppositories.

The disease in its initial form is treated by taking a full range of drugs in a single dose. After the control test, it is possible to repeat the medication.

Side effects of both types of treatments include gastrointestinal and liver disorders and an allergic reaction. After each course it is necessary to carry out restorative and dietary therapy.

The use of drugs similar or similar to Metronidazole brings positive results:

The causative agent of trichomoniasis dies after taking 2 g of the drug. An incorrectly selected drug will not bring positive results. Trichomonas quickly adapt to the drugs used against them and stop responding to them.

Treatment at home - folk remedies

There are reasons that prevent a patient from contacting specialists for a timely course of therapy.

When deciding on independent treatment, the sick person must understand that a complete cure can only be guaranteed by checking the analysis for the presence of microorganisms. A visit to the venereologist's office is necessary.

Traditional medicine can be used on the advice of a specialist to reduce the unpleasant symptoms characteristic of trichomoniasis.

1. To relieve itching and burning, compresses made from onion pulp are used:

• a medium-sized onion head is scalded with boiling water and the surface layer is removed from it;
• passed through a meat grinder;
• placed in a sterile container.

Apply to the genitals for 2-3 minutes.

Chamomile decoction has antibacterial properties and promotes the healing of microcracks. Used for douching:

• take 1 tbsp. pour the dried pharmaceutical collection with warm boiled water;
• put on the stove and bring to a boil;
• remove, let sit for half an hour;
• strain, cool to a comfortable temperature and use as intended.

The drug must be prepared immediately before use.

Aloe has long been recognized as an official and traditional medicine. When treating trichomoniasis, tampons soaked in fresh plant juice are used.

The herbal infusion is used both externally and internally.

• Place 1 tbsp chamomile, 0.5 tbsp calendula, 1.5 tbsp eucalyptus leaves, 1 tbsp bird cherry flowers in a thermos;
• pour boiling water over it;
• leave for 8 hours;
• strain and use.

Take orally for 1 hour. l 3 r/day. For external use, a tampon is soaked in the infusion.

The use of traditional medicine is not the main method of getting rid of the pathogen, and cannot cure it.

Venereal diseases are specific diseases. The main percentage of infections occurs due to promiscuity and failure to comply with basic personal hygiene rules.

To avoid infection, you need to use your own personal hygiene products when visiting baths, saunas, showers and bathrooms. Use your own towels and never wear someone else's underwear.

Trichomoniasis can be asymptomatic. The sexual partner often has no idea that he or she is a carrier of the virus. You can protect yourself from infection only by taking the necessary precautions during intimacy.

Prevention of this disease is typical for all sexually transmitted diseases:

1. Maintaining monogamous sexual relationships.
2. When contacting unknown partners, it is necessary to use a condom.
3. Discharge or discomfort that appears around the genital area should be an alarm and a reason to visit a specialized office for testing.
4. Self-medication can make the pathogen insensitive to the medicine. All treatment measures must be carried out under the supervision of specialists with additional control by taking tests.
5. When treating trichomoniasis, complete abstinence from alcohol-containing drinks is required.
6. The regimen for taking medications and undergoing procedures drawn up by the doctor must be strictly followed.
7. Completing a course of treatment does not guarantee against subsequent infections. Immunity to sexually transmitted diseases is not developed. There are no vaccinations against them.

The main principle of prevention is cleanliness in everything. For the purpose of prevention, after sexual intercourse with an unfamiliar partner, it is recommended to treat the genitals with special-purpose antiseptics.