What is the normal local reaction to DTP? What kind of reaction is possible to the DPT vaccine? Normal baby reaction to vaccination

The drug DPT is a complex adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, which is used for the prevention of diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. The DPT vaccine consists of inactivated, that is, killed cells of the causative agents of whooping cough, as well as weakened artificially neutralized diphtheria and tetanus bacteria, called toxoids.

DTP vaccine is an immunogenic or immunobiologically active product, after administration, the child’s immune system begins to produce antibodies and causes the formation of immunity to the causative agents of tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. DPT vaccination can also contribute to the appearance of undesirable consequences in the form of side effects or complications. The child’s body tolerates the DTP vaccine quite hard. On the first day after using the vaccine, the child may experience a reaction after the DPT vaccination, as well as various ailments.

In Russia, a special vaccination calendar for children has been developed, according to which the first DPT vaccination is given to the baby at 3 months, the second and third - with an interval of one and a half months after the first. And a year after the third vaccination, the DTP vaccine is used for the fourth time. Next, the child is vaccinated at the ages of 7 and 14 years only with ADS or ADS-m, that is, a drug without whooping cough cells. Because pertussis infection is a deadly disease only in the first three years of a child’s life.

Any type of DTP vaccine is injected into the anterior surface of the thigh muscle. The DTP vaccine is compatible with many drugs, so the DPT vaccine is often combined with vaccination against polio and against Haemophilus influenzae. The use of DPT vaccine, as well as vaccines against polio and Haemophilus influenzae, provides lasting immunity to almost all vaccinated children.

Preparing for DTP vaccination

Routine DTP vaccination must be carried out in accordance with the baby’s individual vaccination calendar. An important measure is proper preparation for the administration of the vaccine, since often simple precautions help reduce the likelihood of post-vaccination reactions of the body and various complications. One of the main points is to examine the child before vaccination to make sure that the child is completely healthy. To do this, you need to take a general urine test and a general blood test. Before vaccination with DPT and polio, you should definitely visit a neurologist and get his permission to vaccinate with DPT and polio.

On the day of vaccination, you must visit your pediatrician. The doctor must carefully examine the child, take the temperature, check the condition of the throat and skin, palpate the lymph nodes, listen to the heart and assess the condition of the child’s lungs. The pediatrician should also review the child's medical history to look for diseases that are contraindications to DTP vaccination. The doctor gets acquainted with the results of the latest tests and gives a conclusion on the vaccination.

Currently, to minimize allergic reactions of the body after vaccination, doctors advise starting to use an antihistamine two days before vaccination, immediately on the day of vaccination, and for two to three days after administration of the drug.

If a child develops a slight fever after DPT vaccination, pediatricians recommend using any antipyretic drug. If the child has previously had seizures due to fever, an analgesic should be taken before administering the vaccine.

Contraindications to the use of DTP vaccine

Contraindications for DPT and polio vaccination are any pathologies and dysfunctions of the child’s brain that occurred during birth, and which are called perinatal encephalopathy. Also, contraindications for vaccination are various developmental disorders of the child’s nervous system, so it is very important to obtain permission from a neurologist before starting vaccinations.

Exacerbations of chronic diseases, nervous system disorders, allergies, fever and severe immunodeficiency are also contraindications for the use of the DTP product. In such cases, children should be vaccinated with a vaccine that does not contain cells of the whooping cough pathogen.

Severe allergic or neurological reactions to previous DPT vaccinations are contraindications to the use of DTP. If a child has allergic reactions or dermatitis, the use of antiallergic drugs is also recommended. It is important to remember that antihistamines and antipyretics do not reduce the effectiveness of the DTP vaccine and help reduce unwanted reactions of the body after using the vaccine.

Children who have suffered a birth injury, as well as premature babies, are recommended to be vaccinated after the first year of life. For various acute diseases, the child should be given the DTP vaccine only 1 month after complete recovery. For mild forms of acute respiratory infections and colds, DTP vaccination is allowed 2 weeks after recovery and normalization of temperature.

It is better to vaccinate children in the summer and early autumn during the period when the manifestations of allergic reactions associated with the flowering of various plants decrease, and the risk of contracting colds and acute respiratory infections in the post-vaccination period also decreases.

Body reactions to DTP and polio vaccines

Vaccination is a micro infection that cannot cause much harm to the body. But it can cause a response from the body’s immune system in the form of allergic reactions and a temporary decrease in general immunity. Therefore, a child may often develop mild colds a few days after vaccination.

As a rule, the polio vaccine is well tolerated by the child's body; reactions occur very rarely, usually in the form of a minor skin rash, and Quincke's edema is rare. And after using the DTP vaccine, more serious complications are possible, the occurrence of which occurs due to the whooping cough cells included in the vaccine. The causative agent of whooping cough has a detrimental effect on the structure of the brain, and therefore, when even killed whooping cough bacteria are administered, complications and pathologies from the central nervous system (central nervous system) can occur.

Side effects

Reactions to the DTP vaccine or side effects occur in 30% of all vaccinated children, but these manifestations are not symptoms of a serious illness. It is necessary to distinguish between complications and side effects, since complications provoke various diseases, and side effects, as a rule, pass without a trace, leaving no health problems. The DTP vaccine can cause local and general side effects. Local symptoms include redness, swelling, no more than 8-10 cm in diameter, tissue compaction and pain at the injection site.

Common adverse reactions after the DPT vaccine include such manifestations as: increased body temperature after administration of the DTP drug, nervous agitation, delayed reactions from the nervous system, too much sleep, nausea, vomiting, upset stool, decreased appetite of the child. All adverse reactions after vaccination appear in the first days after administration of the drug. Sometimes the side effects can be more severe, but all these effects are reversible and should not be mistaken for complications. If the baby has more serious reactions to DPT, you should inform the treating pediatrician about this and enter the relevant information into the child’s medical record.

A severe reaction to the drug is the development of symptoms such as high temperature after DPT vaccination, which can rise to 40 degrees, severe crying for more than 3 hours, pronounced swelling at the injection site of the drug more than 10 cm in diameter. As a rule, symptoms of reactions of any severity are relieved with painkillers or analgesics that are suitable for the child.

If the baby’s health condition remains the same or worsens after the measures taken, then you should urgently consult a doctor.

Painful swelling and hardness at the injection site may resolve within 2-3 weeks after vaccination.

Local inflammation at the injection site is considered normal and should decrease over time. You can use various absorbable drugs and ointments to increase blood circulation and improve absorption of the drug. In this case, you cannot massage the injection site, heat it or apply various bandages. Over time, compaction, redness, and pain will disappear on their own.

Some children may develop a cough on the first day after DTP vaccination if they have chronic respiratory diseases. This reaction of the body occurs due to whooping cough cells in the vaccine. This condition of the body does not require treatment and goes away on its own. If a severe cough develops a few days after vaccination, then this infection is not associated with the administration of the vaccine.

Possible complications

Complications as a result of DTP vaccination are severe health problems that require special treatment and have adverse consequences.

DTP vaccination can cause complications such as:

• the development of a severe form of allergy or atopic dermatitis, Quincke's edema, and less commonly anaphylactic shock, which can occur within 30 minutes after the DPT vaccination.
• decreased blood pressure, resulting in decreased blood supply to vital organs. The baby develops severe weakness, pale skin, cold hands and feet.
• the occurrence of seizures against a background of normal temperature.
• various neurological symptoms and central nervous system disorders.

Therefore, it is very important after receiving the DPT and polio vaccination to stay in a medical facility for one hour, so that if an acute allergic reaction occurs, doctors can provide prompt assistance to the baby. Reactions and possible complications to the administration of DTP vaccine are more often observed after the second or third vaccination, so this simple rule should always be followed.

If a child feels unwell during the post-vaccination period, it is recommended to urgently consult a pediatrician.

Nowadays, the occurrence of complications after DTP vaccination and polio has a low rate and is approximately 1-3 cases per 100 thousand vaccinated children. This is necessary to know, and it is important to remember that the consequences of infectious diseases such as whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria and polio are much more dangerous than possible reactions to the composition of the vaccine during DTP vaccination.

Today, you can often hear from young mothers about refusing any vaccinations for their baby. Parents are often afraid of complications that arise in the post-vaccination days.

Any intervention in the human body can have two scenarios - benefit or harm. But sometimes it is difficult to imagine what will be better - to postpone the vaccination and possible complications after it, or to expose the child to the risk of contracting a serious disease, after which the baby may simply die.

Today we will look at the DTP vaccine and talk about complications that arise after the vaccine. What is a normal reaction of the body, and what should alert parents and be ready to provide the child with the right help.

Is DTP vaccination necessary?

Modern medicine is quite developed and offers cures for almost all diseases. But for some reason, we still hear reports about the mortality of children and adults from acute respiratory infections or influenza.

People do not always strive to seek medical advice and proper treatment, so advanced situations arise when it is no longer possible to help.

DTP vaccination is aimed at developing natural immunity against three serious viruses:

• whooping cough;
• diphtheria;
• tetanus.

The causative agents of these diseases can easily enter a person. The consequences after infection are very serious. Sometimes there is not enough time for proper treatment. Some symptoms of whooping cough and diphtheria are similar to the common cold. The person does not understand that he is infected with whooping cough or diphtheria.

DTP vaccination allows the body to develop antibodies in advance, which, if infected, will immediately begin to fight the enemy and prevent complications. This will allow the person not to progress the disease to a critical state.

To form an immune response to whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, it is necessary to administer DPT or DPT vaccines several times.

In children, vaccination is carried out three times up to a year, and then drugs are used for revaccination, that is, to prolong the effect. You cannot get one vaccination and consider yourself safe for the rest of your life.

8–10 years after vaccination, the immune system weakens and reacts incorrectly. Therefore, it is necessary to administer a new dose of DTP vaccine. After 7 years of age, serum without a pertussis component is used for children, because the main risk of infection exists only for a small child.

Reaction to DTP vaccination - complications or normal

If your baby has yet to receive the DPT vaccine, then you should not ask incompetent friends about complications. All children are different and cope with any change differently. Vaccination is an individual procedure. Concerning questions should be asked to a pediatrician or infectious disease specialist who plans the timing of childhood vaccinations.

It is impossible to say that the vaccination is easy and you will not notice changes in the condition and behavior of the newborn. There will be a reaction, but everyone has their own way.

Please note that manifestations after vaccination can be general and local.

External reactions after DTP

Local reaction after DTP is changes in the injection area. Redness, induration and slight swelling on the thigh are considered normal.

Let us remind you that any vaccination in children under 3 years of age should be done in the leg, or more precisely, in the upper part. The thigh of newborns has the most developed muscle and has little subcutaneous fat.

Until a certain time, vaccines were placed in the buttock. The butt has a large amount of fat to protect the baby from serious injuries if it falls. If the serum gets into the fat layer, the medicine is not absorbed into the blood and does not give the desired effect. With stagnation, sepsis could form, which was a serious complication. The site of inflammation had to be opened, which caused trouble and pain for the baby.

Currently, such problems do not arise because the injection is given into the muscle. Complications in the form of inflammation may appear if the mother does not properly care for the vaccination site.

Post-vaccination complications of a local nature manifest themselves in lameness or temporary immobility of children, when the leg is swollen and it is painful for the baby to lean while walking.

Individual manifestations are pronounced in infants, when the baby stops even crawling or rolling over. Everything goes away in a few days. The serum dissolves and the pain disappears. During this period, you can use resorption gels or a compress with Vishnevsky ointment.

Carefully! Sometimes well-wishers advise applying an alcohol compress to the injection site. But alcohol only has a warming effect and will not relieve swelling. Alcohol vapor is well absorbed through the skin, which can harm the baby, causing intoxication.

General symptoms

After observing patients who were vaccinated with DPT, certain manifestations were noted after vaccination. The most common symptoms are listed as follows:

Increased body temperature

The average thermometer readings usually do not exceed 39 degrees. It should be noted that in some babies it can rise to 40 or higher. Typically, temperature fluctuations last no more than three days.

If the situation does not change after the third day, then there are complications. This indicates the penetration of another virus into the body that is not related to the vaccine.

Post-vaccination complications occur due to weakened immunity, which is aimed at producing antibodies to serum components. A high temperature signals the development of some disease. It is necessary to report all the symptoms to the doctor, give the baby an antipyretic, or apply a compress to the forehead and wipe with a damp towel.

Intestinal disorders

They are a manifestation of the body’s reaction to vaccination in the form of vomiting or diarrhea. Diarrhea can be sporadic or continuous.

• Diarrhea occurs if children have problems with digestion or any organ. A weak stomach always reacts to a new product.
• Diarrhea can also be a reaction to the polio vaccine if it was administered orally in the form of drops.

Typically, the nurse warns parents not to give the child anything to drink or eat for an hour so that the vaccine is well absorbed. If the mother does not follow the post-vaccination recommendations, diarrhea may occur. It usually goes away on the first day and does not require treatment. For prevention, you can give Enterosgel, which will collect toxins and eliminate diarrhea.

But sometimes bacteria that cause intestinal disorders can join a weakened body. Then the diarrhea becomes prolonged and can cause harm to the child in the form of dehydration.

Limit the baby from new foods and walks in crowded places, communication with other people's animals to avoid the development of intestinal infections, which will be signaled by severe diarrhea in the baby.

Rash all over the body

Manifests itself as an allergic reaction to vaccine components. It is necessary to monitor how the rash spreads:

• It can appear in only one place or cover the entire skin.
• Rarely, there are situations when a rash on the body is not a manifestation of an allergy, but a side complication. A child may have chickenpox, which appears due to a weakened immune system by vaccination.

Then the rash has a different character - not small dots, but a red spot with a watery head. This spot appears in single quantities or spreads throughout the body. Another difference between chickenpox is that the rash begins to itch very much. The itching does not go away until the rash crusts over, which indicates the passing of the disease.

If you see a rash on your baby in the post-vaccination days, be sure to call a doctor and give him an antihistamine.

The temperature can rise not only from vaccination, but also due to the development of chickenpox. Sometimes it reaches 40 degrees. The disease is more severe because the body has to fight more than one virus. Chicken rash is rare because it is not always likely that an infected person will be near the baby at the time of vaccination or after it.

Allergic rash

Usually appears on the first day and even in the first hour. Allergies that cause swelling of the airways (Quincke) are dangerous. In this case, a rash may not appear, but it will be difficult for the child to breathe due to the rapid development of edema.

When receiving the first DTP vaccination, it is advisable to spend 40 minutes or more near the clinic in order to have time to receive the necessary help. The temperature may remain normal.

Subsequent vaccination is usually canceled or the ADS vaccine without the pertussis component is prescribed. Serum ADS is less reagent and is usually tolerated without serious complications.

Cough and snot

These are another side symptom after DTP vaccination. The whooping cough component is a weakened form of a dangerous virus. Upon direct contact, the disease causes severe coughing. It can reach such a form and frequency that a person cannot breathe air. This cough is especially difficult for young children. Their lungs are very weak and may simply not withstand endless attacks. Cough with whooping cough has a paroxysmal character.

After DPT vaccination, some children may develop a cough. But these are not complications, but a reaction to the whooping cough component. Typically, such a cough does not require a special solution and goes away within a few days.

Temperature and cramps

These are the side symptoms that parents fear most. A convulsive state can occur in two cases:

The temperature rose, which provoked convulsions. The parameters usually exceed 39 degrees. This temperature is undesirable for a small body, so it is necessary to bring it down and constantly monitor the general condition of the baby. Temperature can be reduced:

• antipyretic drugs;
• warm water-based compress;
• rubbing.

The temperature of the compress should be equal to body temperature to prevent shock spasms.

Cramps can occur not only due to fever. Sometimes the temperature on the thermometer is below 38, and the child has a seizure. This indicates damage to the central nervous system in the brain area. Such complications are very dangerous and can harm the development and growth of the baby.

Finally

We talked about complications after DTP vaccination, which are possible in the first days after vaccination. Many mothers share their stories on forums where they learned about the dangers of vaccinations several months or years later. Facts noted:

• disorders in the speech apparatus;
• mental activity;
• irritability for any reason, frequent tearfulness;
• child's exposure to frequent acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections.

There is no reliable information that the listed symptoms arose as complications of DTP vaccination. But it is also impossible to say that the vaccine does not harm health.

The choice always remains with the parents. Two equivalent concepts hang in the balance - the harm of vaccination or protection from a dangerous virus.

Compaction after DTP vaccination

The issue of the need for vaccinations for newborns has recently become quite acute in modern society. Many parents decide to refuse such preventive measures, assuming that vaccination poses a more serious threat to the baby's health than potential diseases. Doctors warn that such decisions can have very negative consequences, including the recurrence of epidemics of long-forgotten diseases (for example, diphtheria) throughout the country. The greatest controversy is caused by a vaccine such as DTP. Adverse reactions to it are quite common, which certainly makes you think about the advisability of it. Let's try to figure out how much this vaccine is necessary for a child, what the consequences of receiving it or refusing it may be.

What is the vaccine?

So, let's talk about what the DTP vaccine is. Children may think that this is just an unpleasant injection, but parents should understand that such a vaccine is designed to provide protection against such terrible diseases as tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. All of these problems are characterized by severity, the presence of a large number of complications for the child’s body and the difficulty of treatment.

The vaccine helps to form the necessary immunity, but does not completely guarantee the absence of the possibility of disease. Despite this fact, a baby who picks up an infection after a routine injection experiences it in a milder form (without complications) and recovers faster.

Classic forms of reaction

If you decide to take DTP, adverse reactions to the vaccine should be studied very carefully. Such information will help you make a decision about the need for vaccination, weigh the pros and cons, and, if necessary, take appropriate proactive measures. The body's response to the introduction of a foreign agent is conventionally divided into three main categories:

Possible serious consequences of vaccination

Unfortunately, there are more severe consequences of DTP vaccination. Adverse reactions in rare cases may include:

• vomiting (occurs in only 2 out of 100 vaccinated people);
• extremely high body temperature (39 degrees and above);
• brain damage;
• impairment of physical or mental development;
• coma;
• (rash, urticaria, up to Quincke's edema).

Such manifestations are quite rare, most often in cases where the vaccination was not given on time or in the presence of obvious contraindications to it.

Adverse reaction at the immediate injection site

There are also local consequences of DTP. Adverse reactions after administration of the vaccine may include the appearance of a lump at the injection site. Most often, this area swells slightly, the skin acquires a reddish tint, and pain begins to appear, which causes the greatest inconvenience to the child. The baby cannot sleep, tries to constantly touch the wound, and cries. Parents rarely pay attention to such a lump, but if these symptoms are present, the child should be given an antipyretic, which can also reduce pain.

Whooping cough

Many parents worry that after DTP their child will get sick or experience discomfort. Well, this is quite possible, but you need to understand what is on the other side of the scale. What are you more afraid of: such a phenomenon as DTP (vaccination)? Temperature, pain, temporary vagaries? Or complications caused by one of the most terrible diseases that will ruin the baby’s health for life?

So, let's talk about the diseases that the vaccine is designed to protect your child from. One of the most difficult of these is whooping cough. Its characteristic signs are a dry, frequent cough, a slight runny nose in the first few days of illness, and a slight increase in body temperature. Over time, whooping cough progresses, coughing attacks become more frequent, accompanied by spasms and difficulty breathing. The peak of deterioration occurs on days 15-20 from the onset of the disease. It is customary to distinguish three main forms of whooping cough:

1. Easy. The patient feels almost no change in his condition. Only characteristic attacks of rare coughing (no more than 15 times a day) remind of the disease; they do not interfere with the child’s normal life.
2. Average. The patient often experiences insomnia. The child becomes apathetic, lethargic and slow. There may be an increase in temperature, coughing attacks are more frequent and severe (up to 30 times a day).
3. Heavy. There is a high temperature and fever. The patient can hardly sleep or eat, and becomes extremely irritable. External signs include pallor of the skin and the appearance of edema. Coughing attacks can overcome a baby up to 50 times a day, more often in the evening and at night, with respiratory dysfunction observed, bleeding and vomiting observed. Involuntary urination may occur.

In most cases, the disease ends in successful healing, but complications are often recorded in children under one year of age. So, whooping cough can cause pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death. As you can see, the reaction after DTP - compaction, fever and loss of appetite - is the lesser of the possible evils.

Diphtheria

The second disease that the vaccine helps against is diphtheria. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and is characterized by severe intoxication of the body and the negative impact of infection on the nervous, vascular and cardiac systems. During the illness, symptoms such as swelling of the pharynx and larynx and enlarged lymph nodes are observed. In some cases, paralysis and disruption of the functioning of internal organs are possible, and deaths are often observed. Before mass vaccination, diphtheria was characterized by a large number of deaths. Treatment of the disease is carried out in an infectious diseases hospital; the infected child must be isolated. After DTP, you can be sure of reliable protection of your baby from diphtheria.

Tetanus

Tetanus is the third, but no less dangerous disease that a child can avoid after DTP. The bacteria that cause this disease enter the baby's body through cuts and wounds that he may receive as a result of playing outdoors and indoors. These include high temperature, perspiration, spasms of the muscles of the face and body. Quite often, various complications are observed - this can be coma, death, respiratory paralysis. The disease can be prevented by administering a vaccine. The consequences of vaccinations are minor compared to what tetanus can lead to.

Conditional and absolute contraindications

In what cases is it not recommended to vaccinate with DTP? Contraindications do exist. And you should know them. Some of them are indirect, others are considered absolute. Thus, scheduled vaccination should be rescheduled for the following reasons:

1. Infection. If your child is sick at this particular moment, the planned event must be rescheduled. The period for which the transfer must be carried out depends on the severity of the disease and the doctor’s recommendations.
2. Stress. If your baby is currently in a state of stress or is very worried about some event, postpone the vaccination for a few days.
3. Acute period of a chronic disease. If your child suffers from any disease on an ongoing basis, then the period of its exacerbation is a signal to postpone the DTP vaccination indefinitely.

Some symptoms are an absolute contraindication to such vaccination. Typically, such information is taken into account by the pediatrician, but parents should also have similar data. First of all, these include:

• diseases of the nervous system;
• allergy to components included in the vaccine;
• negative reaction to previous vaccinations;
• weak immunity, diseases affecting the baby’s immune system;
• whooping cough.

ADSM - alternative to DPT

If you want to give your child a DPT vaccine, for which there are contraindications, try a lighter version, DPT. This way you will protect your child’s health and reduce the risk of possible complications. A similar vaccine is used when a child reaches 4 years of age. This composition includes only two components, it is designed to resist diphtheria and tetanus - dangerous diseases that often lead to death. ADSM has much fewer side effects due to the exclusion of the component responsible for protection against whooping cough. It often happens that the child is initially given a DTP injection. Vaccination, fever, severe allergies tell adults that a second injection of the same vaccine will be unsafe for the baby. In this case, re-vaccination is carried out without the pertussis component.

When should you consult a doctor?

Does your child seem lethargic, tired and sick after DPT? There is no need to panic, but there are some symptoms you should pay close attention to. So, you should consult a doctor if:

1. The temperature rises above 39 degrees, does not drop and is maintained for a very long time.
2. A prolonged or delayed febrile state is observed.
3. Hypotension and bluish discoloration of the skin develop. This state usually lasts no more than 6 hours.
4. Pronounced nervous disorders appear.

If after DPT you notice a small lump, moderate temperature and tearfulness of the child, this does not mean at all that you should sound the alarm and worry. As a rule, most side effects disappear in just one day; you just need to watch the child and be patient. If you think that your baby’s health is in danger, try to consult a specialist.

Preparatory stage before vaccination

Preventive vaccinations are good because they can be planned in advance, canceled if necessary, and also prepared for them in advance. Two days before the vaccine is administered, you must start taking antihistamines (protect the body from possible allergic reactions). Immediately after vaccination, without waiting for negative manifestations, the baby should be given an antipyretic drug. Monitor the child’s behavior and temperature; if necessary, you will need to take a second dose of the drug (especially important in the evening, before bedtime). Your further actions should be based on the following algorithm:

1. The first day after vaccination - from 1 to 3 antipyretic suppositories (morning-lunch-at night), an antihistamine (once a day).
2. Second day - 1 antipyretic suppository if there is a fever, in other cases you should not take medications, antihistamines must be taken.
3. The third day - no special treatment is required; if the baby has an increase in temperature, you should call a doctor and determine the causes of the malaise.

How to choose a medicine for fever

DTP vaccination for children is often accompanied by unpleasant consequences. You should not be afraid of this, any reaction signals that immunity is being formed. To prevent possible complications, give your child an antipyretic drug without waiting for symptoms to appear. Many parents ask the question: “How to choose the right remedy to reduce the temperature and reduce pain for such young children?” So, before buying a medicine, pay attention to the following characteristics:

1. The form of the drug should be adapted to the age of the baby (suppositories for up to a year, syrup for older babies. It must be remembered that suppositories are much less likely to provoke an allergic reaction).
2. Buy the composition in advance. It must be given before the onset of alarming reactions, otherwise there is a high chance that you will not be able to control them.
3. It is not allowed to use the drug "Aspirin" to reduce a child's temperature.
4. Alternate medications with different components, this will help you not exceed the permissible daily dose and achieve the desired effect.
5. Remember, it is quite possible that even if the first vaccination was easy, the second or third will cause unpleasant symptoms.

Please note: the temperature after DPT usually lasts for one day (maximum two days). Treatment with antipyretics is carried out for three days (the longest period). If you cannot control your child's health condition, be sure to consult a doctor.

DPT vaccination schedule

If you want to get your children vaccinated, scheduling them is very important. To form stable immunity to the three named diseases, it is necessary to carry out the vaccination procedure four times. The classic scheme for the prevention of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria involves administering doses at the following times:

• the first time - at 3 months after birth;
• the second time - 45 days after the first procedure (that is, 4.5 months);
• the third time - 45 days after the second procedure (at 6 months);
• The fourth time is considered to be a revaccination; it is carried out a year after the third injection (approximately at 18 months).

The last two vaccinations are the most important for the formation of immunity. When the baby grows up, he will have to go through several more similar events - at 6 and 14 years old. If for some reason it is not allowed to give such vaccinations to children, the vaccination schedule can be slightly shifted. Thus, repeated preventive injections are not carried out in case of illness of the child or a situation specified in the list of contraindications. The timing of the transfer in each specific case is determined by the pediatrician observing the child.

Vaccinations at school and kindergarten are often mandatory; when sending your child to an educational institution, you should be prepared to be asked to provide a vaccination card. Vaccination will help protect your child from whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria when in a fairly large group of children, that is, in an area of ​​potential danger.

Foreign analogues of DTP

Preventive DPT vaccinations can be divided into several types, that is, domestic and foreign vaccines. Parents can decide for themselves which product to use to protect their child from possible diseases. The Belgian product “Infarix” has recently become the most popular. There are three categories of vaccine under this brand:

• IPV (similar to DPT and polio);
• the drug "Penta" (analogue of IPV and hepatitis B);
• Hexa (an analogue of Penta and

Among the foreign drugs, the most notable compounds are Pentaxim, Tetraxim, and Hexavak. A wide selection of different vaccines is usually found in paid medical centers. However, recently it is possible to get a foreign injection at a district clinic.

If you doubt the need for DTP vaccination, the pros and cons should be weighed very carefully and thoughtfully. Try to perceive first of all the information that is given to you by experts, and not by acquaintances and friends. Remember, you should not be afraid of such a phenomenon as temperature after DTP: within reasonable limits, it is considered a variant of the normal reaction of the child’s body and serves as a sign of the formation of strong immunity from whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. Take the issue of vaccination as carefully as possible, this will help keep your children healthy.

The DTP vaccination, according to the vaccination calendar, is given to the baby four times: the first time at three months, then, if there are no contraindications, two more with an interval of 45 days. And the last DPT vaccination, which is called revaccination, is done at one and a half years.

The abbreviation DPT stands for: Adsorbed Pertussis-Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine. That is, three vaccines are introduced into the baby’s body at once, the task of which is to create immunity against these three diseases. The most aggressive among these three vaccines is pertussis. The fact is that this vaccine sometimes contains traces of pertussis toxin and lipopolysaccharide. And it is to them that the DTP vaccine owes its sad fame.

Consequences of DPT vaccination: is everything within normal limits?

Immediately after the DTP vaccination, you must literally not take your eyes off the child, because sometimes, for reasons that are not obvious even to the eyes of a professional, the child’s body’s reaction to the DTP vaccination can be very severe. According to statistics, about 95% of toxic reactions to the administration of DTP vaccine occur on the first day after vaccination.

To be fair, it must be said that this extremely painful reaction to the DTP vaccine does not happen often. But when it comes to your own child, even one case in a million is already a lot, isn’t it?

After vaccination with DTP, the temperature may rise. And the pediatrician will most likely warn you that the baby may have a fever a few hours after the administration of the DTP vaccine. An increase in temperature is considered a normal reaction to the administration of the DTP vaccine if it does not exceed a level of 37.5 - 39 ° C. In this case, there is no need to give the baby antipyretic drugs. If the temperature rises to 38.5 °C, the baby needs to be given an antipyretic (ask your pediatrician in advance what exactly - he will give advice taking into account the age of your baby). Keep in mind that sometimes DTP vaccination provokes a rise in temperature to 39 ° C or higher! Call an ambulance immediately - we are talking about complications due to vaccination and this can be very serious!

An increase in temperature may be accompanied by sleep disturbances and lethargy of the child. If these symptoms persist for three days after DPT vaccination, which is considered normal. If the child's condition does not return to normal within three days, you should consult a doctor.

DTP vaccination often produces lumps at the injection site. Do not rub this area and do not heat it under any circumstances. The seal can persist for a month and normally goes away on its own, without presenting any particular danger. If touching the lump causes pain to your baby, consult a doctor. Also, do not delay visiting a doctor if the size of the lump increases and exceeds the size of a small pea.

Cough after DTP vaccination:

Despite the fact that one of the components of the DTP vaccine is pertussis vaccine, coughing should not occur after administration of the vaccine. If you notice this symptom, immediately consult a doctor - at this time the baby’s immunity is strained by the administered vaccine, which makes the penetration of other infections into the baby’s body easier, and their severe course and even the occurrence of complications more likely.

Reaction to DPT vaccine: severe case

Sometimes after a DTP vaccination, a child develops high-pitched scream syndrome. This complication usually occurs in children under 6 months of age. The main symptom of this complication of DTP vaccination is obvious: the baby screams in high tones and this lasts from an hour to 10 hours. This neurological complication from DTP vaccination is associated with quite complex disease processes occurring in the child’s brain. Seeing a doctor is a must!

Convulsions after DTP vaccination occur in approximately 10 cases per 10,000 vaccinations. Most often, convulsions occur against a background of high fever during the first two days after the vaccine is administered. Sometimes there is loss of consciousness.

Exacerbation of concomitant diseases due to DTP vaccination is a fairly common complication. And its severity can be very different: sometimes after vaccination the baby’s diathesis flares up with renewed vigor (in no case provoke the child’s body to this by introducing new complementary foods for at least ten days after the DTP vaccination). Sometimes asthmatic syndrome debuts for the first time. It cannot be said that the DTP vaccine is definitely to blame for the occurrence of asthma in a child: a predisposition to this probably lay dormant in the child’s body. The DPT vaccination is undoubtedly to blame for the awakening of this tendency.

The DTP vaccine, which can cause unwanted side effects in children, causes concern for many parents.

It happens that refusal of vaccination or medical withdrawal without good reason does not benefit the baby at all. The fact is that the task of medicine is to create powerful protection against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus until the moment of physical and social “activity” of the baby. Tetanus is a “soil disease”, its causative agent is located in the ground, any open wound is an opportunity for it to enter the body.

Young mothers and fathers may refuse the DPT vaccine based not only on the risk of possible complications. Associated factors are rumors about the quality of the vaccine and propaganda by opponents of early immunization of children.

Normal reaction to DTP in a child

Side effects after DPT vaccination in a child can be observed after 4–5 hours. The most characteristic ones are severe pain, hardening at the injection site, hyperthermia, and intestinal upset. The pain can be so severe that the baby is unable to stand on his leg for a day.

It is considered normal that the first few shots of the immunization course take place without significant complications, while the third and fourth injections are associated with more severe reactions. The reaction to vaccination does not depend on violation of the vaccination schedule.

Low temperature

Under normal conditions, a slight increase in temperature is noted after DPT vaccination. It depends on the individual characteristics of the child. If your baby usually develops a fever quickly, you need to be on guard. Without waiting for the temperature to rise, use one of two suitable antipyretics: paracetamol or ibuprofen.

What to do if you can’t bring down the temperature on your own? Often this problem occurs if the child drinks little fluid or is under the influence of external unfavorable factors: a hot room, dry air in the room. The ineffectiveness of antipyretic drugs is due to poor absorption into the blood due to vasospasm. In this case, it is advisable to give 0.5 tablets of No-Shpa.

If you cannot cope with hyperthermia on your own, you should seek emergency medical help.

Seal

If a child’s leg hurts after the DTP vaccination, he can be helped with ibuprofen or paracetamol, which have an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect on the body. The reddened injection site should not be heated or rubbed. The appearance of these signs should be reported to your doctor.

This is a manifestation of an allergic reaction. An antihistamine prescribed by the doctor will help cope with its manifestations. It could be Suprastin, El-Tset, Eden.

Cough

Manifestations of cough after vaccination, accompanied by high fever and general intoxication, are, in most cases, manifestations of an acute respiratory viral infection. If these symptoms occur, you need to call a doctor at home to examine the child and establish an adequate diagnosis.

A reaction to the pertussis component of the vaccine, in particular accompanied by a slight cough, is not a cause for concern. If the cough is paroxysmal in nature and you are unable to take a breath, you should immediately seek emergency medical help.

Diarrhea

Not always, but still, after DTP vaccination, diarrhea appears in children. The reasons may be both an individual reaction to the vaccine and a feature of the immune system.

It is impossible to independently find an explanation for the reasons that cause side effects. In each individual case, a doctor's consultation is necessary.

Reaction to tetanus vaccine in adults

Adverse reactions to DTP vaccination in adults are similar. Manifests itself in the form of general malaise, hyperthermia, and pain. In adulthood, revaccination is done with the ADS vaccine. It has a less reactogenic effect. An adult is able to perform his work duties in the absence of excessive physical exertion.

The reaction to the pertussis component of DTP is considered severe. But in adults, whooping cough does not pose the same danger as for children, so another ADS drug is used for revaccination.

Dangerous complications

The state of the body at the time of immunization plays a significant role in terms of the individual reactogenic effect of the vaccine. Before the vaccine is administered, each child must be examined by a qualified doctor. To exclude hidden inflammatory processes, it is necessary to do a clinical analysis of blood and urine.

Why is DPT vaccination dangerous?

Individual reactions to some of the components of the vaccine can indeed cause severe complications in rare cases. The pertussis component of the domestic DTP creates a large burden on the immune system. It is this that provokes pain with high fever. Hyperthermia causes the development of low-grade seizures in children with neurological disorders or in those who have a history of seizures.

To prevent unwanted effects, give the child an antipyretic and antihistamine immediately upon returning home, monitor body temperature and the injection site.

In what cases do you call the emergency room?

The development of an individual allergic reaction manifests itself within 20–30 minutes after the injection. This time must be spent near a medical facility.

The reason to call emergency help without trying to independently understand the causes of this condition is:

• an allergy attack is a rash of any nature, suffocation, redness of certain areas of the skin;
• high body temperature in a child after DPT vaccination, which you try to bring down within 2 hours to no avail;

• intestinal disorder, which is characterized as "water";
• convulsions;
• coughing attacks;
• disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system: “frozen” or “wandering” gaze, lack of reaction when addressed, confused speech.

The symptoms described in the instructions for the drug are not a pathology. Having studied it in advance, you know what you may encounter during the post-vaccination period. It is important! It would also be a good idea to call your doctor if you are concerned about your child’s condition after vaccination.