How to relieve pain from renal colic at home? What is renal colic: symptoms in women and treatment Symptom of pain in renal colic

is an acute painful attack caused by a sudden disruption of urine passage and an increase in intrapelvic pressure. It is characterized by severe cramping pain in the lower back, spreading down the ureter, frequent and painful urination, nausea and vomiting, and psychomotor agitation. The attack is relieved with the help of local heat, the administration of antispasmodics and analgesics (including narcotics), and novocaine blockades. To determine the cause of renal colic, urine examination, intravenous urography, chromocystoscopy, ultrasound, and CT scan of the kidneys are performed.

ICD-10

N23 Renal colic, unspecified

General information

Renal colic can complicate the course of a number of urinary tract diseases. In clinical urology, it is regarded as an urgent condition that requires prompt relief from acute pain and normalization of kidney function. It is considered the most common syndrome in the structure of urinary tract pathologies. Most often provoked by urolithiasis. When the stone is located in the kidney, colic occurs in half of the patients, when localized in the ureter - in 95-98%.

Causes

The development of renal colic is associated with a sudden disruption of urine drainage from the kidney due to internal blockage or external compression of the urinary tract. This condition is accompanied by a reflex spastic contraction of the ureteral muscles, an increase in hydrostatic pressure inside the pelvis, venous stasis, parenchymal edema and overstretching of the fibrous capsule of the kidney. Due to irritation of sensitive receptors, a sudden and severe pain syndrome develops - renal colic.

The immediate causes of renal colic can be:

• Mechanical obstacles, disrupting the passage of urine from the renal pelvis or ureter. In most cases (57.5%), the condition occurs when a stone is strangulated in any part of the ureter due to urolithiasis. Sometimes obstruction of the ureter is caused by clots of mucus or pus in pyelonephritis, caseous masses or rejected necrotic papillae in renal tuberculosis.
• Bend or torsion of the ureter. Occurs with nephroptosis, kidney dystopia, ureteral strictures.
• External compression of the urinary tract. Compression is often caused by tumors of the kidneys (papillary adenocarcinoma, etc.), ureter, prostate gland (prostate adenoma, prostate cancer); retroperitoneal and subcapsular post-traumatic hematomas (including after extracorporeal lithotripsy).
• Inflammatory diseases. Acute painful attacks often occur with hydronephrosis, acute segmental edema of the mucous membrane with periureteritis, urethritis, prostatitis.
• Vascular pathologies. The development of renal colic is possible with phlebostasis in the venous system of the pelvis, thrombosis of the renal veins.
• Congenital kidney abnormalities. Urodynamic disturbances accompanied by colic occur with achalasia, dyskinesia, megacalycosis, spongy kidney, etc.

Symptoms of renal colic

The classic sign is sudden, intense, cramping pain in the lumbar region or costovertebral angle. A painful attack can develop at night, during sleep; Sometimes patients associate the onset of colic with physical activity, jolting driving, long walking, taking diuretics or taking large amounts of fluid.

From the lower back, pain can spread to the mesogastric, iliac region, thigh, rectum; in men - into the penis and scrotum, in women - into the labia and perineum. A painful attack can last from 3 to 18 or more hours; at the same time, the intensity of pain, its localization and irradiation may vary. Patients are restless, rush around, and cannot find a position that relieves pain.

Frequent urge to urinate develops, subsequently - oliguria or anuria, pain in the urethra, dry mouth, vomiting, tenesmus, flatulence. Moderate hypertension, tachycardia, low-grade fever, and chills are noted. Severe pain can cause shock (hypotension, pale skin, bradycardia, cold sweat). After the end of renal colic, a significant volume of urine is usually released, in which micro- or macrohematuria is detected.

Diagnostics

When recognizing renal colic, they are guided by anamnesis, objective picture data and instrumental studies. The corresponding half of the lumbar region is painful on palpation, the symptom of tapping along the costal arch is sharply positive. Examination of urine after the pain attack has subsided makes it possible to detect fresh red blood cells or blood clots, protein, salts, leukocytes, and epithelium. To confirm the diagnosis of ICD, the following is performed:

• X-ray diagnostics. Plain radiography of the abdominal cavity allows us to exclude acute abdominal pathology. In addition, radiographs and urograms may reveal intestinal pneumatosis, a denser shadow of the affected kidney and a “rarefaction halo” in the area of ​​the perinephric tissues when they are swollen. Carrying out intravenous urography by changing the contours of the calyces and pelvis, the displacement of the kidney, the nature of the bend of the ureter and other signs makes it possible to identify the cause of renal colic (nephrolithiasis, ureteral stone, hydronephrosis, nephroptosis, etc.).
• Urinary tract endoscopy. Chromocystoscopy, carried out during an attack, reveals a delay or absence of indigo carmine release from a blocked ureter, sometimes swelling, hemorrhage or a stone strangulated at the mouth of the ureter.
• Echography. To study the condition of the urinary tract, an ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder is prescribed; in order to exclude an “acute abdomen” - ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and pelvis.
• Tomography. Tomographic studies (kidney CT, MRI) can determine the cause of developed renal colic.

The pathology should be differentiated from other conditions accompanied by abdominal and lumbar pain - acute appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, thrombosis of mesenteric vessels, aortic aneurysm, ectopic pregnancy, torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst, perforated gastric ulcer, epididymo-orchitis, testicular torsion, intervertebral disc herniation, intercostal neuralgia, etc.

Treatment of renal colic

Relief of the condition begins with local thermal procedures (applying a warm heating pad to the lower back or abdomen, a sitz bath with a water temperature of 37-39 ° C). In order to relieve pain, spasm of the urinary tract and restore urine passage, analgesic and antispasmodic drugs (metamizole sodium, trimeperidine, atropine, drotaverine or platyphylline intramuscularly) are administered.

It is advisable to try to relieve a prolonged attack using novocaine blockade of the spermatic cord or round uterine ligament on the affected side, intrapelvic blockade, paravertebral irrigation of the lumbar region with chloroethyl. In the acute phase, acupuncture and electropuncture are widely used. For small stones in the ureter, physiotherapy is performed - diadynamic therapy, ultrasound therapy, vibration therapy, etc.

In case of colic occurring against the background of acute pyelonephritis with a high rise in temperature, thermal procedures are contraindicated. If the conservative measures taken are unsuccessful, the patient is hospitalized in a urological hospital, where catheterization or stenting of the ureter, puncture of a nephrostomy or surgical treatment is performed.

Prognosis and prevention

Timely relief and elimination of the causes leading to the development of renal colic eliminates the possibility of relapse. Long-term obstruction of the urinary tract can cause irreversible kidney damage. The addition of an infection can lead to the development of secondary pyelonephritis, urosepsis, and bacteremic shock. Prevention consists of preventing possible risk factors, primarily urolithiasis. Patients are indicated for examination by a nephrologist and planned treatment of the disease that caused the development of the syndrome.

Renal colic is a painful attack characterized by sudden disturbances in the flow of urine through the urethra. In this case, the intrapelvic pressure suddenly increases and renal ischemia develops.

According to ICD-10, renal colic is considered unspecified and has a code of N23.

Renal colic is not considered an individual disease; it is rather a consequence that develops as a result (ICD code - N20-N23) or hemodynamic disturbances in the ureter.

The patient feels cramping pain, weakness, and urination becomes painful. In the field of urology, this phenomenon is considered an urgent condition that requires urgent neutralization of pain and restoration of kidney function.

What renal colic is, how this pathology manifests itself, and how to deal with it will be discussed in more depth later in the article.

Causes of renal colic

One of the reasons is a violation of the outflow of urine, which results in internal obstruction or external compression of the urinary system.

This condition is characterized by involuntary spasmodic muscular vibrations of the ureter, venous congestion, increased pressure of the water column inside the pelvis, renal ischemia, swelling of the parenchyma and excessive expansion of the fibrous renal capsule.

Receptor irritation provokes the appearance of a sharp pain attack - colic in the kidneys. Other reasons include mechanical barriers that interfere with the passage of urine. According to statistics, 58% of colic is considered one of the symptoms due to pinching of a stone in the ureter.

Blockage (obstruction) can be caused by purulent or bloody stones in pyelonephritis (inflammation affecting the tubular system of the kidneys), caseous plugs or dead papillae in papillary necrosis.

Causes include rotation of the ureter when the kidney descends, renal dystopia and stricture. Benign or malignant neoplasms of the kidneys, (prostate), ureter, subcapsular hematomas lead to external strangulation of the urinary tract.

The appearance of renal colic can be provoked by prolonged inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system:

• hydronephrotic transformation of the kidney is an acquired or congenital pathology of the kidneys, which is characterized by dilation of the pelvis. Develops due to a disorder of urinary passage, resulting in progressive renal atrophy;
• acute – acute bacterial disease. The parenchyma and renal pelvis become inflamed. Infections are caused by bacteria found in the colon;
• periurethritis - inflammation of the loose connective tissue that surrounds the urethra;
• urethritis – inflammation of the urethra. The main reason is damage to the canal wall by various viruses and bacteria. Symptoms in women include cystitis or narrowing of the urethra;
• – inflammation of the prostate gland. Symptoms in men can be very pronounced in the form of cutting pain in the groin, aggravated by urination, fever, etc.;
• phlebostasis in the venous system of the pelvis is a chronic disease of the pelvic organs. It develops as a result of obstruction of the venous trunks, after which a plexus of collateral tracts appears with subsequent enlargement.

Some congenital anomalies that can disrupt urodynamics in the upper urinary tract lead to the appearance of renal colic:

• Ureteral achalasia is one of the types of hydroureter (enlargement of the ureter). Occurs with neurogenic dysfunction of the terminal part of the ureter. The result is a sharp backflow of urine up the ureter and only a small amount enters the bladder. In this case, the lower part of the ureter expands in a ring-like manner;
• – a disease that disrupts oscillations, its channels and the functions of the sphincter of Oddi. As a result, difficulties arise with the excretion of bile. Women are more susceptible to dyskinesia;
• Megacalycosis is a kidney abnormality characterized by enlargement of the small renal calyces due to cystic medullary dysplasia. With megacaliosis, the renal pelvis may have a standard size, and the enlarged calyces gradually transform into the pelvis itself. In the case of an increase in all groups of calyces, a generalized form of megapolycalosis develops;
• spongy kidney – multicystic deformation of the renal tubules and collecting ducts of the Malpighian pyramids, due to which the appearance of the renal tissue changes (finely porous sponge). Complications include: hematuria (blood in the urine), pyuria (purulent masses in the urine), etc.

Provoking factors of renal colic

In addition to the reasons, there are some factors that provoke the appearance of renal colic. The factors are:

• improper drinking regime (lack or excess of fluid in the body);
• taking medications intended for the treatment of kidney stones;
• injuries;
• long driving on uneven roads;
• heavy physical activity;
• long walks.

Such factors lead to a change in the localization of small-sized microliths (stones) and their subsequent removal through the ureter.

Symptoms

The main symptom of renal colic is considered to be sharp pain in the upper lumbar region or on the left side in the Mayo-Robson area (costovertebral angle).

Most cases have shown that pain attacks begin at night.

The pain may change location and move to the mesogastric region or to the final part of the digestive tract.

Symptoms in men include pain in the penis and scrotum. Women feel pain throughout the perineum. White or bloody discharge may also occur.

Attacks of pain last from 4 to 17 hours, the severity and location change. Patients become nervous and cannot take a position that would help reduce pain.

You can provide first aid for symptoms of renal colic yourself, but it is best to call a doctor in time.

In addition to a painful attack, the following may develop:

• oliguria (slow urine production);
• anuria (urine does not enter the bladder);
• frequent and ineffective urge to go to the toilet, accompanied by pain (tenesmus);
• strong cutting sensations in the urethra;
• dry mouth;
• nausea;
• (high blood pressure);
• (disorders of heart rhythm and heart contractions);
• low-grade fever (persistent temperature within 37.9°C);
• chills;
• hypotension (low blood pressure);
• pale skin;
• bradycardia (sinus rhythm disturbance).

After the attack ends, the release of an excessive volume of urine begins, in which red blood cells are present (macro- or microhematuria).

Signs of renal colic can be mistakenly compared with conditions that are characterized by the same lower back pain and abdominal syndrome - pathological pregnancy, perforation, torsion, testicular torsion in men, acute blockage of mesenteric vessels, embolism, intervertebral hernia, etc.

Symptoms in men appear suddenly due to drinking too much fluid or after strenuous physical activity. Symptoms of renal colic in women include nausea, general malaise, and spasmodic pain in the upper lumbar region, which can spread to the abdominal cavity.

Classification of renal colic

Specialists in the field of nephrology and urology divide kidney pain into two forms:

• One-sided. In this case, sudden pain attacks appear only on one side, that is, where the pathology is present. Renal colic can be right-sided or left-sided and appears on a certain side:
  • Right-handed. Pain on the right, causing pain, is associated with inflammation of the appendix, the presence of a formation, kidney abscess, rupture, etc.;
  • Left-handed. Some chronic inflammatory conditions contribute to the appearance of pain on the left side: tumors of the left kidney (fibroma , adenoma), hydronephrosis, etc.;
• Double-sided. The pain is piercing and is felt throughout the lower back.

In addition to forms of pain, there are phases of development of pain attacks in renal colic:

• acute phase. Colic is sudden and most often appears at night when a person is sleeping. The cause may be a large amount of fluid drunk the day before, heavy physical activity, stress, or the use of diuretic medications. The pain does not subside for a long time and may gradually intensify. Intensity occurs as the rate of fluid pressure in the ureter increases, and also depends on the person's sensitivity to pain. Intensification or resumption of an attack can provoke a high level of frequency of ureteral oscillations;
• constant phase. When the pain reaches its limit, it takes on a long course, that is, it may not go away for a long time. Often this phase is the most painful and lasts from 1 to 5 hours. Much less often, the duration of an attack is more than 12 hours. It is during the permanent phase that patients seek medical help;
• decay phase. During this phase, pain decreases until it disappears completely. The cessation of pain can occur at any time after the onset of an attack of colic.

Diagnostics

To recognize and distinguish renal colic from similar symptoms, a set of diagnostic measures is carried out. Initially, the doctor examines the entire history and general clinical picture.

When palpating the lumbar region and lightly tapping the costal arch, the patient feels pain. These signs indicate the presence of renal colic.

A urine test is also prescribed, but only after the attack of pain ends. The study helps to identify the presence of fresh blood and purulent particles, leukocytes, epithelial cells, salts and protein.

The method of examining the abdominal cavity using synoptic radiography will eliminate acute abdominal syndrome.

Thanks to X-ray and urogram a too dense renal shadow is detected in the perinephric fatty tissues, intestinal pneumatosis is a pathology in which cysts filled with air form in the thickness of the walls of the intestine and stomach

Intravenous urography, aimed at identifying the shift of the kidney, the transformation of the outlines of the pelvis and calyces, the nature of the rotation of the ureter makes it possible to establish the main cause of the appearance of renal colic.

If the patient has an attack of renal pain only at the initial stage, then it is possible carrying out chromocystoscopy (indigo carmine test). Thanks to this research method, a complete absence or temporary delay in the production of indigo carmine from a blocked ureter is detected; swelling, bleeding, or a stone pinched in the mouth appears less often.

To study the general condition of the urinary system is used ultrasonography the entire urinary system. To exclude the symptom complex of an acute abdomen (a pathology in which the peritoneum is irritated and the abdominal organs are severely damaged), an examination of the pelvic organs and the entire space located in the body below the diaphragm is carried out.

Tomographic studies are also considered effective diagnostic methods - computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the kidneys.

Differentiation of renal colic is necessary when:

• appendicitis, volvulus, pathological pregnancy, abdominal cavity and duodenitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane). For these pathologies, not only an ultrasound examination of the entire abdominal cavity is required, but also a transrectal and transvaginal examination;
• lumbar osteochondrosis. In this case, due to osteochondrosis, a person feels severe pain with any movement, and in a static position the pain subsides;
• . The pain is disturbing in the area of ​​the lower costal edge, where the nerve is located;
• . Gradually, abundant itchy rashes appear on the skin in the form of small blisters with clear liquid inside.

Treatment of renal colic

Most often, patients experiencing renal colic need urgent emergency care. Hospitalization to the urology department and presence there as an inpatient are also required.

Outpatient treatment is acceptable in case of moderate pain. Children and the elderly are unconditionally subject to hospitalization. If you experience initial symptoms of renal colic, you should go to the hospital.

Symptoms and treatment of consequences cause a lot of problems for the patient. Standard measures to eliminate and reduce pain involve pain relief. For this purpose, special injectable preparations are used.

In the hospital, pain relief is done using spinal anesthesia, peripheral blocking of nerve endings, novocaine blocking of the spermatic cord in men, and the round ligament of the uterus in women.

If the patient has renal colic in the acute phase, then electropuncture is used(impact of electric current on bioactive points) and acupuncture(impact on the human body using special needles through certain points on the body).

If small stones are detected in the ureter, it is recommended diadynamic therapy, ultrasound therapy and vibration therapy. Sanatorium-resort treatment is an important way in the fight against urolithiasis and its consequences.

Drug treatment

Also, treatment of renal colic is carried out using certain groups of medications.

The duration of drug treatment depends entirely on the underlying cause that led to the appearance of renal colic. The drugs include:

• antispasmodics: Bendazole, Driptan, Enablex, Dicetel, Librax, Altalex, Droverin, etc. These drugs are prescribed in case of stone passage. The course of treatment is 3-4 days;
• antibacterial drugs: Cefaclor, Aksetin, Abaktal, Nitroxoline, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, etc. The course of admission is from 10 to 20 days;
• painkillers: Analgin, Spazmalgon, Baralgetas, Tempalgin, Brustan, Dolospa, Trigan, etc. Painkillers should be prescribed by the attending physician and only after a clearly established diagnosis;
• drugs that improve heart function: Nitroglycerin, Verapamil, Anaprilin, Nerobol, Persantine, Riboxin, etc.;
• preparations to accelerate the dissolution of stones and reduce their crystallization: vitamin B6, Magnerot, Complivit Magnesium, Solgar Calcium-Magnesium-Zinc, etc.

Surgery

Surgical intervention is indicated only if conservative treatment fails or any complications develop.

Thanks to the operation, it is possible to completely neutralize the obstacle that caused the obstruction of the urinary tract. Indications for surgical treatment of renal colic are as follows:

• complications of urolithiasis - chronic pyelonephritis, acute obstructive pyelonephritis, pyonephrosis, purulent paranephritis, nephrosclerosis, chronic, etc.;
• hydronephrotic transformation of the kidney;
• spongy bud;
• failure of drug therapy;
• stones larger than 1 centimeter.

Typically, renal colic develops against the background of urolithiasis, so surgery involves removing the stones.

In modern medicine, there are several effective ways to destroy and remove accumulated stones. Methods include:

• abdominal (open) surgery on the affected kidney;
• remote shock wave lithotripsy - crushing stones using special directed ultrasonic waves;
• ureteral stenting. It is carried out retrogradely through the bladder, using the insertion of a special endoscopic instrument - a cystourethroscope. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and X-ray control;
• contact lithotripsy - crushing stones using laser irradiation;
• percutaneous nephrolithotomy – removal of stones with minimal trauma. An incision is made in the skin in the area of ​​​​the projection of the renal collecting system, after which the stones and all coral stones are removed.

The operation requires preliminary preparation. It is necessary to first submit urine and blood for analysis, and undergo an ultrasound and x-ray examination of the kidneys. A mandatory consultation with a therapist is also required.

Additional methods for treating renal colic at home

Treating renal colic at home is not prohibited, but you should still consult a doctor before starting.

It is necessary to begin treatment only after a clear and correct diagnosis. Alternative treatments include:

• compliance with the correct diet and diet;
• treatment of renal colic at home with folk remedies;
• physical exercise.

To improve the supply of blood to the kidney capsule, dilate blood vessels, relieve spasms of the ureter and promote the movement of stones, it is not necessary to take special medications; this can be done using thermal procedures.

Using thermal procedures on the lumbar region, you can independently provide emergency assistance and quickly get rid of pain, while improving the flow of urine.

How to provide first aid for renal colic at home

To provide first aid for renal colic, you need to be warm, a hot bath will do, but the position should be sitting. However, you need to be sure that the person does not have cardiovascular diseases. This method is also contraindicated for pregnant women. A hot bath can be replaced with a warm heating pad, applying it to the sore spot.

To provide first aid for renal colic, the patient can be given antispasmodics. The drugs will help relax the walls of the ureter.

Nutrition

One of the main factors that significantly influences the treatment of renal colic is proper nutrition. The diet should be aimed at reducing the likelihood of the formation of stones and sand in the kidneys. It is necessary to exclude from the diet:

• all fatty and fried foods;
• canned foods (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.);
• salted fish (salmon, salmon, pink salmon, herring, sardines);
• alcohol;
• strong drinks (tea, coffee);
• broths cooked with meat;
• smoked meats (sausages, fish, ham, cheese, etc.).

Portions should be small. For renal colic, it is necessary to eat well-mashed vegetable soups, cereals and fresh fruits that do not contain irritating acids (bananas, pears, melons, sweet apples). But it is better to avoid lemons, oranges, grapefruits and other citrus fruits.

The fruit acid contained in citrus fruits irritates the receptors and can cause discomfort.

Folk remedies

Treatment of renal colic at home with folk remedies can be carried out.

More often, recipes are used based on medicinal herbs, which are also included in some medications aimed at combating pain due to renal colic.

Some herbs, like pharmaceutical drugs, have certain properties. These include:

• diuretic properties - lingonberry fruits, wild strawberry leaves, calendula, rose hips, marsh cudweed;
• bactericidal properties - plantain, burnet, sweet clover, celandine, chicory, chamomile;
• antispasmodic effect - parsley, birch buds, blue cornflower, valerian, sage, peppermint, viburnum;
• cleansing kidney stones - sage, St. John's wort, knotweed, oregano, lemon balm.

How to relieve pain?

Recipes for neutralizing a pain attack during renal colic are as follows:

• Infusion. Prepare a herbal mixture from birch leaves, mint, sage, steelberry and rowan fruits. You should get 6 tablespoons in total. Pour the resulting mixture with a liter of hot water and leave to infuse for 45 minutes. The decoction should be drunk warm, a maximum of 3 times a day, half a glass;
• A decoction of birch leaves. Pour 8 tablespoons of crushed birch leaves or buds into a liter of water and place in a water bath for 30 minutes. Drink warm, 3 glasses per day;
• Decoction of lingonberry root. Pour five liters of the root itself and cook over medium heat until the water boils by exactly half. Drink the resulting decoction 150 grams three times a day;
• A decoction of celandine leaves. Pour 2 tablespoons of dry leaves into a glass of hot water. Infuse, strain, cool and drink half a glass twice a day before meals in the morning and evening;
• Rosehip root decoction. Pour 3 tablespoons of ground root into 500 ml of water and cook for 25 minutes. Leave to infuse and cool. Afterwards drink a glass 4 times a day. This decoction is able to dissolve stones in the urinary and gall bladders.

Physical exercise

Any strenuous physical exercise during attacks of renal colic is, of course, prohibited. However, special physical therapy exercises as a preventive measure for urolithiasis are necessary. The main tasks of exercise therapy include:

• improvement and normalization of metabolism;
• increasing the protective functions of the immune system;
• creating conditions for the release of stones;
• normalization of kidney function and urination process.

Exercises aimed at slight movement of the abdominal organs, stimulating peristalsis of the ureter and promoting their expansion are useful.

Prevention

After neutralizing the painful attack of renal colic and treating the underlying disease, a rehabilitation period begins. Its method is selected by the attending physician, taking into account the nature of the disease, the presence of complications, the age and general condition of the patient.

Patients must strictly follow the diet prepared by a dietician. Failure to maintain proper nutrition can lead to relapses of diseases that cause renal colic. Engage in physical therapy and follow all doctor’s recommendations.

As a preventive measure, sunbathing is not prohibited, since with this method the body is able to independently produce. Every day you should drink at least 2 liters of liquid, do not get too cold and avoid injuries to the lower back, abdomen, genitals, etc.

Prognosis for patients

• infection from stagnant urine. Against the background of this complication, the patient’s temperature rises, can reach 40 ° C, chills, dry mouth, pale skin, severe headache and general malaise appear. In this case, if the treatment is incorrect, sepsis can develop - blood poisoning, leading to death;
• kidney failure. A continuous increase in pressure in the kidney is facilitated by a disrupted process of urine outflow. The kidney may permanently lose its main functions within a couple of days after the outflow of urine completely stops. This condition is considered the most dangerous and common cause of death in patients.

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Content

How can you help a person if he has an attack of renal colic, and he cannot find a place for himself from the pain that is tearing him to pieces? Renal colic cannot be treated at home, but you need to know what to do in order to significantly alleviate the patient’s condition and try to relieve the acute spasms of pain that torments him. Colic in the kidneys can be caused by a variety of reasons, and first aid measures should be known to the relatives and friends of a person suffering from pathological diseases of the genitourinary system, so that he does not suffer from painful shock in the acute stage of colic.

What is renal colic

The resulting sharp pain in the lumbar region, an acute impairment of renal function, is called colic. The attack begins suddenly, at any time of the day or night. Colic develops when the renal calyceal cavity overflows as a result of delayed urine outflow. Stretching of the kidney and an increase in pressure in it contribute to the occurrence of severe pain, which is a consequence of the resulting pathology. Such an attack can last from several minutes to a week, turning a person’s life into torture in the absence of therapeutic measures.

Symptoms of renal colic

Kidney dysfunction syndrome may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

• acute pain attack in the lumbar region on one or both sides;
• the presence of blood, sand suspension in the urine;
• frequent urination, pain when emptying the bladder;
• spread of pain to the lower parts of the body - groin areas, inner thighs;
• urination deficiency;
• bloating of the lower abdomen;
• nausea, vomiting, weakness;
• diarrhea, or vice versa, constipation;
• restless behavior.

Pain

Disruption of the blood supply to the kidney, the loss of its functions leads to acute and sharp attacks of pain, the localization of which can manifest itself in different places - in the lower back on the right or left side. Pain sensations radiate (spread) to the groin area, lower abdomen, external genitalia, and inner thighs. There are left-sided and right-sided renal pain syndromes. If you manage to relieve the attack, the intensity of the pain subsides, but mild painful sensations remain.

In children

In babies who cannot yet speak themselves, colic can be recognized by increased anxiety, hysterical crying, and a swollen tummy. The attack can last 5-15 minutes, and some children experience vomiting. If the child can speak, then when asked about the location of the pain, the umbilical, lumbar, and groin areas are indicated. Since cramping pain may indicate serious pathologies fraught with serious complications, the child should be immediately shown to a doctor.

Causes

Colic can occur with the following pathologies:

• accumulation of kidney stones and blockage of the urinary tract;
• with kinks and narrowing of the urethra, ureter (observed in men);
• in pregnant women, the fetus can cause pinching of the kidney;
• prolapse of the kidney (nephroptosis);
• acute pyelonephritis and other kidney diseases;
• tumors of internal organs;
• colitis;
• abnormal structure of the organs of the urinary system;
• allergies due to taking various medications;
• tuberculous kidney damage.

Diagnostics

To identify the pathology that caused the acute pain syndrome, the doctor must take a medical history, conduct a differential diagnosis, ask the patient about the nature of the pain, the time of its occurrence, localization, accompanying symptoms (was there blood in the urine, problems with urination). The nephrologist can also ask about illnesses suffered during life that were accompanied by disruption of the genitourinary system, the presence of pyelonephritis, how much fluid the patient drinks, and whether he has an addiction to salty foods.

After compiling a medical history, the doctor proceeds to practical diagnostic methods:

• An initial visual examination of the patient is carried out, and careful palpation of the painful area is performed.
• Blood and urine are taken for analysis. An acute inflammatory process may be indicated by an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood and urine, and the presence of creatinines and red blood cells in the urine.
• An echographic examination of the kidneys is done to identify the location, structure, and localization of the stone in these organs.
• A study is carried out using excretory urography.
• Sometimes a computed tomography scan of the urinary organs is done to identify the cause of colic.

Treatment

To relieve an attack of colic due to renal dysfunction, you need to know what pathology caused this syndrome and eliminate it. The patient's semi-fainting state, nausea, and vomiting require immediate hospitalization and restoration of renal capacity in an inpatient setting. If the presence of appendicitis or hepatic colic is not detected, then doctors simultaneously take measures to relieve pain and eliminate the cause of the disease.

The patient may be prescribed drugs that alkalize urine and dissolve stones, and a special diet. In this case, you will have to take multivitamin complexes and diuretics, which eliminate the likelihood of the formation of kidney stones. If the cause of colic was kidney tuberculosis, then special medications are prescribed to get rid of the pathology. Surgical intervention is indicated in the absence of effect from drug treatment.

First aid for renal colic

It is important to correctly diagnose the disease, since colic with renal dysfunction can be mistaken for other, no less serious, formidable diseases - acute appendicitis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction. If it is established for sure that the patient suffers from colic, then at home treatment of renal colic and first-aid care to eliminate the symptoms of the disease may consist of the following methods:

• Warming the sore spot with a heating pad or taking a warm bath. Heat causes dilation of the ureter and urethra, which reduces pain at home.
• Taking antispasmodics, NSAIDs, which have a relaxing effect on smooth muscles and eliminate colic.
• Drink plenty of warm drinks.

Medicines for renal colic

To stop an acute attack, doctors prescribe the following groups of drugs:

• antispasmodics;
• painkillers;
• antiemetics;
• medications to reduce urine output (to reduce pressure in the renal pelvis);
• products that help dissolve stones and concretions.

Among the drugs that help get rid of stones in the urethra and ureter, the following can be distinguished:

• Potassium citrate. Helps maintain the required salt balance in urine for effective stone dissolution. The dosage is prescribed individually, with constant monitoring of urine analysis. You can take no more than 50 mEq of medication per day.
• Bicarbonate of soda. The solution will help dissolve the urates. The required concentration of the drug is prescribed by the doctor; you need to take a teaspoon three times a day for 2-3 months with constant monitoring of urine analysis.

Painkiller

To relieve acute unbearable pain, doctors use the following drugs:

• Baralgin. Effectively helps eliminate pain by relaxing muscle spasms. For colic of renal origin, 5 ml is prescribed intramuscularly or intravenously every 4-6 hours.
• Ketorolac. An excellent pain reliever that reduces inflammation and relieves fever. For colic, intramuscular injections of 60 mg are given every 3-5 hours until the attack completely disappears.

Antispasmodics

Together with painkillers, doctors use antispasmodics for renal colic, which effectively eliminate pain. This group of drugs includes the following drugs:

• Atropine. The use of the drug helps to relax the smooth muscles of the kidney, while the pain subsides and the patient feels better. IM injections with a concentration of up to 1 mg of atropine daily are indicated.
• Hyoscine butyl bromide. Reduces smooth muscle tone, relieves spasm of the urinary canals. In case of acute pain syndrome, a dropper is given with 20-40 mg of the active substance for adults, 5-10 mg for children, three times a day until the colic disappears.

No-shpa

Drotaverine has a hypotensive, antispasmodic effect, relaxes the smooth muscles of the kidneys. In case of an acute attack of colic, it is recommended to take 3-4 tablets at a time to relieve painful spasms. However, you should not count on complete elimination of renal failure with one dose of No-shpa at home. If colic is accompanied by vomiting and fever, you should immediately call an ambulance to hospitalize the patient.

Surgery

Surgery is indicated in the following situations:

• for complications of urolithiasis;
• dropsy of the kidney (hydronephrosis);
• stones and concretions of large diameter;
• lack of effect from previous therapy.

There are several methods of surgical treatment of colic:

• Contact and extracorporeal lithotripsy. The operation is carried out on an outpatient basis, the stone is crushed by directed ultrasound remotely or contactally, with the introduction of a thin tube to the site of dislocation of the stone.
• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. A puncture is made in the skin, into which a special instrument is inserted to remove the stone.
• Open surgery. It is used only when overflow of the renal pelvis has caused purulent lesions of the kidney parenchyma and tissue necrosis.

Folk remedies

To relieve colic, you can use the following folk recipes:

• Mix dry birch leaves, mint leaves, and juniper fruits in a 1:1 ratio. Take 6 tbsp. l. mixture, pour a liter of boiling water, leave in the dark for 30 minutes. Drink the solution within 1 hour.
• 8 tbsp. l. Add fresh birch leaves and buds to a liter of water and cook in a water bath for 20 minutes. Drink the infusion within 1-2 hours.

Prevention

You can try to avoid acute attacks of pain due to renal dysfunction by observing the following rules:

• treat diseases of the genitourinary system in a timely manner;
• undergo regular examinations with a nephrologist;
• avoid hypothermia and drafts;
• alternate sedentary and active lifestyles;
• drink at least 2 liters of clean water per day;
• take complexes containing calcium, vitamins A, C, E, D.

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June 15, 2017 Doctor

If a person experiences renal colic, his well-being is seriously affected. A strong pain syndrome appears, sometimes it becomes simply unbearable. How to relieve pain? There are many methods, but it is important to use only those that will not harm and will be aimed at treating the underlying disease.

First aid

If a painful attack develops, you should urgently call an ambulance. Patients, as a rule, are taken to a hospital, and after acute colic is relieved, treatment is carried out at home. Before the medical team arrives, you should try to alleviate the patient’s suffering by relieving pain. Pre-medical care is allowed to be provided to a person with left-sided colic and with a history of renal pathologies, when there is no doubt about the diagnosis. If right-sided colic occurs, the diagnosis of inflammation of the appendix should be excluded before taking any medications.

To reduce the severity of the attack, the following measures are allowed:

1. Strengthen your drinking regime.
2. Apply a warm heating pad, a bottle, a bag of sand to the lumbar area (allowed only for repeated colic against the background of the movement of a large stone when the diagnosis has been established). You can also take a hot sitz bath for 10-15 minutes.
3. Give the patient painkillers or antispasmodics to relax smooth muscles, against inflammation and acute pain. Baralgin, Papaverine, No-shpa, Revalgin tablets help well. If there is a health care worker in the family, you can administer the same drugs intramuscularly.
4. In the absence of these drugs, it is allowed to dissolve a Nitroglycerin tablet to relieve the pain of an attack.

What should not be done as first aid measures? It is forbidden to take large doses of analgesics, especially if they do not have the desired effect. Also, you should not heat the lumbar area for a long time; it is better to carry out a short thermal procedure, and then apply dry heat to your back (wrap it with a scarf, handkerchief). Any heating is prohibited if there is an elevated body temperature, because in this case the cause of the disease is the inflammatory process.

Treatment in hospital and at home

There are a number of indications for hospitalization and treatment in a hospital:

• renal colic on both sides;
• a seizure in a child or pregnant woman;
• having only one kidney;
• lack of effect from home therapy;
• elderly age;
• presence of complications;
• development of colic against the background of pyelonephritis, tumors;
• the appearance of frequent, severe vomiting;
• a sharp increase in body temperature;
• lack of urination.

To relieve an attack, medications are administered in injections, using the above-mentioned antispasmodics, non-narcotic analgesics (a mixture of Novocaine with glucose, Pipolfen, Halidor, Atropine, Diphenhydramine, Diclofenac, Ketonal, Promedol, Platyfillin, Maxigan). You can use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in tablets and suppositories.

The use of painkillers and medications for smooth muscle spasms is continued until the stone passes and the patient’s condition improves. Antibiotics are prescribed if the cause of colic is an inflammatory process, or it occurs against the background of pyelonephritis. If there is no effect of medications and acute urinary retention, ureteral catheterization is performed. Often you have to do emergency surgery (endoscopic or abdominal methods) to remove the stone.

As the attack subsides and the patient’s health returns to normal, the patient is discharged. A further course of therapy must be carried out at home. It may include the following drugs:

1. Means for optimizing blood circulation in the renal vessels - Pentoxifylline, Trental.
2. Uroantiseptics for relieving inflammation - Furomag, Nitroxoline.
3. Medicines to improve the functioning of the entire urinary system and dissolve stones - Olimetin, Urocholum, Litovit, Uro-Vaxom, Canephron, Cyston.

Folk recipes

Any traditional methods of therapy are allowed to be used only with the approval of a doctor. Renal colic can accompany serious diseases of the urinary system, which are dangerous and sometimes lead to death. It is important not to delay treatment in a hospital, relying on folk remedies.

Stories from our readers

“I was able to cure my KIDNEYS with the help of a simple remedy, which I learned about from an article by a UROLOGIST with 24 years of experience, Pushkar D.Yu...”

The following recipes exist:

1. Brew a glass of horsetail herb in 2 liters of boiling water, leave for 2 hours. Strain and pour into a warm bath. Take a bath for 15 minutes.
2. You need to eat watermelons (300-700 g per day), as this product has a diuretic effect and relieves attacks of colic - removes stones from the ureter.
3. For acute pain, take a cabbage leaf and crush it in your hands. Wrap the area of ​​the affected kidney with a warm cloth and leave until the condition improves.
4. Brew a tablespoon of birch buds with 300 ml of boiling water, leave for an hour. Drink 100 ml of infusion three times a day. It is advisable to use this therapy over a course of 7-10 days.

Prevention of pathology

To no longer suffer from painful symptoms, you should follow your doctor's recommendations for the treatment of all kidney diseases. It is necessary to find out the reasons for the appearance of kidney stones and influence them with the help of drugs and diet. In the absence of contraindications, the water regime should be increased. Salt in the diet should not exceed the amount allowed by the doctor. Also, as a preventative measure, you should give up smoking and alcohol, lead an active lifestyle, and avoid hypothermia and the appearance of foci of infection in the body. In this case, the risk of exacerbation of kidney disease will be minimal.

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Acute, piercing pain in the lumbar area can dramatically change the usual rhythm of a man’s life. This is how renal colic most often manifests itself. It is important to understand what this condition is and why it occurs, because a man faced with this painful condition needs help.

Characteristics of renal colic

Renal colic is an acute attack of pain caused by pathologies in the urinary system.. Discomfort occurs in the lumbar region on one side, and in rare cases, on both. The pain is dictated by spasm of the smooth muscles of the urinary organs.

Colic is the body's response to a disturbance in the outflow of urine from the kidney or a change in blood circulation. Most often, such phenomena are observed in urolithiasis, in which stones that pass from the kidneys damage the walls of the ureter and block (completely or partially) the urinary canal.

Renal colic most often occurs as a result of stone movement from the kidney into the ureter and bladder.

How does renal colic manifest?

Renal colic has a number of characteristic symptoms:

• sharp, unbearable pain in the lower back (it can be cramping or constant);
• increased anxiety;
• discomfort radiates to the side, stomach, genitals, leg;
• hematuria (blood in the urine);
• nausea, vomiting;
• temperature increase;
• increased frequency of urination (if a stone has blocked the ureter, then there is very little urine);
• bloating;
• diarrhea or constipation.

During severe attacks, a man may experience painful shock. This condition is accompanied by a weakening of the pulse, profuse sweating, increased blood pressure, and pale skin.

The attack can last from 3 to 18 hours, sometimes with short breaks.

Renal colic - video

Causes and development factors

Renal colic is classified as a nonspecific symptom, since it can be triggered by various causes. Among them:

• Urolithiasis disease. Stones formed in the kidneys can pass through the urine into the ureter. The movement of a stone along a narrow channel causes an unbearable attack of pain. Some stones have sharp “spikes” and can injure the ureter (which is why blood appears in the urine). And sometimes the stone gets stuck in the canal. This leads to a deterioration in the outflow of urine and expansion of the renal capsule.
• Jades. The appearance of renal colic can be caused by various inflammatory processes occurring in the kidneys (for example,). Such ailments provoke irritation of the bean-shaped organ, as a result of which the latter reacts with intense spasms.
• Kidney tumor. A neoplasm in the structure of an organ may not bother the patient for a long time. The growth of the tumor over time leads to tissue compression. This causes irritation of the kidney, which immediately responds with spasms.
• Kidney tuberculosis. An infectious disease affects the kidney tissue. This leads to organ irritation and spasms.
• . This is a pathology in which kidney prolapse is diagnosed. The mobility of the bean-shaped organ can provoke an attack of severe pain.
• Kidney injuries. Any damage or blows to the lumbar region can lead to severe, bursting pain.
• Anomalies of the urinary system. Severe discomfort may be based on congenital or acquired changes in organs. For example, the outflow of urine becomes significantly more difficult when the urethra or ureter narrows.
• Tumor processes in neighboring organs. The growth of tumors in the prostate gland and rectum can compress the ureter.

Provoking factors

The appearance of renal colic can be caused by the following events:

eating hot, spicy food the day before;

jumping;

lifting weights;

alcohol abuse;

shaking.

Eating spicy food can trigger an attack of renal colic.

But sometimes painful discomfort occurs without any previous factors. Some patients note that renal colic appeared at rest, interrupting night sleep.

One summer, when I escaped from all the worries of the city to the dacha, at three o’clock in the morning I was woken up by the persistent ringing of my mobile phone. My neighbor, a 50-year-old man, asked me to come see him immediately. It was clear from his voice that the man was feeling bad. But the state in which I found him simply shocked me. The dream instantly disappeared. The neighbor was pale and vomited periodically. He painfully grabbed his lower back, then his stomach. The sufferer could not even properly explain what was bothering him. I immediately called an ambulance. Meanwhile, the man groaned again from a painful attack. “I need to relieve the spasms,” I thought. There was No-Shpa in my first aid kit. Of course, the pills did not completely relieve the pain, but the neighbor said that it became a little easier.

Diagnosis of pathology

Determining renal colic is not easy, since the pathology is manifested by symptoms that are characteristic of a number of diseases.

Similar symptoms are observed with:

• acute appendicitis;
• volvulus;
• stomach ulcer;
• biliary colic.

Initially, the doctor will examine the patient, palpate the abdomen, and check Pasternatsky’s sign

To give the patient a correct diagnosis, the doctor will initially ask about diet, lifestyle, and existing diseases. Then the doctor will examine the patient, conducting the following tests:

• Palpation of the abdomen. When palpating the anterior abdominal wall with true renal colic, increased pain is noted in the area of ​​the “problem” ureter.
• Pasternatsky's symptom. Light tapping on the lower back in the area of ​​the kidneys causes increased pain.

• Analysis of urine. It may contain erythrocytes (red blood cells) and various impurities (sand, pus, blood, fragments of stones, salts).
• Blood analysis. If inflammation is present, the analysis will show an increase in leukocytes. In addition, elevated levels of urea and creatinine may indicate kidney pathology.
• Ultrasonography. An ultrasound procedure can detect stones in the kidneys or ureters. This examination gives an idea of ​​structural changes (thinning of tissue, expansion of the urinary organs).
• X-ray. The event identifies stones and indicates their location. Such a study does not show all types of stones (urate and xanthine stones are not visible on x-rays).
• Excretory urography. This is another X-ray examination. It is carried out after the injection of a contrast agent into a vein. After a while they take pictures. If the ureter is blocked, the contrast agent will not be able to pass further.
• Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (CT or MRI). The most informative and accurate diagnostic methods. They allow you to examine the kidneys, ureters, and bladder layer by layer and identify the true causes of colic.

Ultrasound of the kidneys allows you to identify stones and determine their location

Treatment methods

If symptoms resembling renal colic appear, you must immediately call an ambulance. The dispatcher must be informed about all the signs observed in the patient.

First aid

To alleviate the condition of a patient experiencing renal colic, you can resort to the following measures:

1. Taking an antispasmodic. To slightly reduce discomfort, it is necessary to relieve renal spasm. For this, the patient is given No-Shpu, Drotaverine, Spazmalgon. If possible, it is better to give an intramuscular injection of an antispasmodic.
2. Thermal procedures. If we are talking about real renal colic, then heat will bring significant relief. To do this, you can apply a heating pad to your lower back or take a bath.
3. Preparing the container. It is better to empty the bladder into a specially prepared container so as not to miss the release of the stone. It is not the liquid that is valuable, but the stone that comes out. Subsequently, it is submitted for testing of its chemical composition. This will allow you to determine exactly what disorders are occurring in the body and select the optimal treatment methods.

To reduce the pain of renal colic, you can take a hot bath

You can practice thermal procedures only if you are 100% sure of renal colic. If there is even the slightest doubt about the diagnosis, it is better not to resort to this method. Using heat for appendicitis or peritonitis can lead to serious consequences.

First aid for renal colic - video

Drug therapy

To relieve acute symptoms and restore urodynamics, a patient in a hospital setting may be prescribed the following medications:

• Antispasmodics and analgesics. Such drugs can reduce pain and stop spasms. The following remedies are most often recommended:
  • Baralgin;
  • Platifilin;
  • No-Shpu;
  • Papaverine;
  • Atropine;
  • Promedol.
• Novocaine blockade. If the attack is protracted and cannot be controlled with antispasmodics, then the doctor may resort to a blockade. In this case, the man's spermatic cord is cut off.
• Antimicrobial agents. To stop inflammatory processes, uroseptics or antibiotics may be recommended. Therapy includes the following medications:
  • Nitroxoline;
• Fosfomycin.

Angioprotectors. These medications are prescribed to restore blood microcirculation. The most commonly recommended drugs are:

• Trental;

NSAIDs. Sometimes, for severe pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed. They have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Treatment may include the following:

• Diclofenac;
• Lornoxicam;

Diuretics. They are prescribed only if the stone that comes out does not exceed 4 mm in diameter. In this case, the calculus is quite capable of coming out on its own, without any surgical intervention. To facilitate the exit process, diuretics are prescribed:

Lasix.

Additional medications. For renal colic (if the stone does not exceed 4 mm), medications may be prescribed to help remove stones. The following drugs have these properties:

• Glucagon;
• Nifedepine;
• Progesterone.

Further treatment tactics depend on the patient’s condition and the stage of the pathology. If the attack was stopped, the doctor will prescribe medications that dissolve the remaining stones and prevent their re-formation.

To quickly relieve painful discomfort, doctors may prescribe medications intramuscularly or intravenously.

Such medications include:

• Asparkam - affects oxalates;
• Marelin - helps with phosphate stones;
• Blemaren - effective against urates and oxalates;
• Uralite - affects cystine stones;
• Allopurinol - helps fight urates.
• Cyston - affects mixed types of stones (which can be dissolved).

These medications must be taken for several months to ensure the necessary dissolution of the stones.

Doctors took the neighbor to the hospital. I couldn’t leave him alone, so I went with him. After all the studies, the doctors concluded - renal colic. The man spent the rest of the night under a drip. Little by little his condition recovered. In the morning, the neighbor was operated on because the stone could not come out on its own. And after 2 days we were already sitting with him at the dacha, drinking aromatic tea and laughing heartily, remembering the events we had experienced.

Medicines - gallery

No-Spa allows you to quickly relieve spasms
Levofloxacin is prescribed to relieve inflammation Pentoxifylline restores blood microcirculation Novocaine is used for novocaine blockades for very severe pain
Furosemide accelerates the outflow of urine, causing the stone to leave the ureter faster Xefocam relieves inflammation and relieves pain Asparkam promotes the breakdown of oxalates Blemaren helps with oxalates and urates Allopurinol dissolves urates

Surgery

Sometimes, with renal colic, it becomes necessary to resort to surgery. The main indications for surgery are the following conditions and pathologies:

• hydronephrosis (or hydrocele of the kidney);
• ineffectiveness of drug therapy;
• complications of urolithiasis (blockage, rupture of the ureter);
• large stones (more than 4 mm in diameter) that cannot pass out on their own.

The surgical tactics depend on the causes of renal colic, the condition and individual characteristics of the patient. The most commonly used methods are:

• External lithotripsy. This operation involves the destruction of kidney stones using ultrasound. In this case, the skin is not damaged. That is why the method is called remote. The device is applied to the body in the required area and the stones are crushed through the skin.
• Contact lithotripsy. In this case, stone crushing occurs during direct contact. A special tube is inserted into the urinary canal and ureter. The device is brought directly to the stone and the stone is split using a laser, compressed air or ultrasound. This technique allows you to act more efficiently and accurately. In addition, during the operation, all destroyed fragments are removed.
• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. This is surgical removal of the stone. The doctor makes a small puncture of the skin, through which he inserts an instrument into the cavity and carefully removes the stone.
• Endoscopic stone removal. A special tube with an endoscopic system is inserted through the urethra. Such a device is equipped not only with a camera that allows you to visualize stones, but also with special forceps that grasp and remove the stone.
• Ureteral stenting. This operation is used for narrowing of the ureter. Its essence lies in restoring normal lumen in the canal. Using endoscopic equipment, a special cylindrical frame is inserted into the narrow place.
• Open surgery. This is the most traumatic method. Open kidney surgeries are performed only in extreme cases (purulent-necrotic processes, significant damage to the organ, the presence of massive stones that cannot be crushed).

The duration of rehabilitation depends on the volume of surgical interventions. On average, recovery takes 2–3 days. If open surgery was performed, rehabilitation may take 5–7 days.

Types of stone removal operations - video

Diet

A man experiencing renal colic is advised to continue following a dietary diet. P The diet is prescribed by the doctor depending on the type of stones.

Basic principles of the diet:

• Frequent appointments. It is recommended to eat food in small portions every 4 hours. It is important not to overeat so as not to overload the body.
• Junk food. Smoked, fried, fatty foods should be excluded from the diet. It is recommended to avoid sweets and flour products.
• Water mode. It is important not to forget about drinking clean drinking water. Doctors recommend drinking 2.5–3 liters of fluid per day.
• Nutrition for oxalates. With such stones, it is necessary to limit the intake of meat, sorrel, sour fruits and berries. Do not overuse citrus fruits, legumes, beets, and tomatoes.
• Diet for urates. The following products are excluded: chocolate, cheese, nuts, legumes. Salty foods are harmful. It is not recommended to drink strong tea or eat sour berries.
• Nutrition with phosphates. In this case, it is necessary to exclude cottage cheese, potatoes, milk, and fish from the diet. Do not overuse sweet berries and fruits.
• Nutrition for cystine stones. It is recommended to limit the intake of beans, chicken, peanuts, eggs, and corn.

Harmful foods - gallery

Sorrel should not be consumed if you have oxalate problems Nuts will be harmful with urates Cottage cheese is not recommended for phosphates
Corn is prohibited for cystine stones

Folk remedies

If it is not possible to get medical help, then you can use the power of folk recipes. To relieve renal colic, you can use the following remedies:

• Herbal bath. Hot water helps relax the smooth muscles of the ureter, making the attack go away faster. To enhance the effectiveness of the therapeutic bath, it is recommended to add 10 g of birch, sage, cucumber, linden, and chamomile leaves to the water.
• Birch decoction. You can take leaves, buds or tree branches as raw materials. Birch blank (8 tbsp) is filled with water (5 tbsp). The mixture is boiled for 20 minutes in a water bath. Strain. The finished decoction should be drunk hot over 1–2 hours.
• Healing infusion. It is necessary to combine juniper fruits, birch leaves, mint and steelhead roots in equal proportions. The resulting mixture (6 tbsp) is poured with boiling water (1 l). Infuse the drink for 30 minutes. Then filter. The resulting infusion should be drunk warm within 1 hour.

Forecast and consequences

The prognosis depends on the reasons that provoked renal colic, the patient’s condition, and the timeliness of contacting doctors. Most often, unpleasant discomfort can be relieved with medication or with the help of low-traumatic surgical interventions. In such situations, the patient quickly returns to his normal lifestyle.

In the future, if the cause is hidden in urolithiasis, the person is recommended to adhere to a diet for life that protects against the formation of stones.

The prognosis of the pathology largely depends on the timeliness of visiting doctors

Possible complications

Incorrect treatment or late contact with doctors can lead to serious consequences. The most commonly observed complications are:

• Pain shock. Against the background of severe pain, pathologies of the cardiovascular, nervous or respiratory systems may develop.
• Urosepsis. Generalization (spread throughout the body) of a urinary infection can be fatal.
• Pyelonephritis. Inflammatory processes can develop in the parenchyma and pelvis of the kidney.
• Bladder pathology. Long-term urinary dysfunction can lead to the inability to completely empty the bladder in the future.
• Hydronephrosis. Urinary retention provokes pathological expansion of the renal pyelocaliceal apparatus.
• Pathology of the urethra. The mucous membrane is replaced by scar tissue. This leads to atrophy of the urethra and narrowing of the urethra.
• Nephrosclerosis. The renal parenchyma is gradually replaced by connective tissue. This significantly impairs the functioning of the kidney. In the future, this phenomenon leads to organ atrophy.
• Pyonephrosis. Purulent-destructive processes occur inside the kidney.

Prevention

Prevention of renal colic includes several simple rules:

• Water mode. A healthy person needs to drink at least 2–2.5 liters of water per day. In the summer heat, the amount of liquid increases to 3 liters.
• Proper nutrition. Eliminate unhealthy foods from your diet: fatty, fried, salty, smoked foods. Avoid products that promote stone formation (soda, coffee, alcohol, sorrel).
• Physical exercise. Try to lead an active lifestyle, play sports, walk in the fresh air. At the same time, remember that physical activity should be feasible.
• Dress appropriately for the weather. Avoid hypothermia or overheating. Such extreme conditions serve as a trigger for the development of kidney diseases.
To eliminate the risk of developing urolithiasis, you need to drink at least 2 liters of water per day

A painful condition called renal colic can occur as a result of various pathologies of the urinary system. But most often, according to statistics, the source of the problem is urolithiasis. It is impossible to predict in advance what renal colic will lead to. Therefore, it is imperative to consult a doctor. In this case, the patient's chances of healing are significantly increased.